Abstract
MiR-367 was reported to regulate inflammatory response of microglia. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPA) could mediate microglia polarization. In this study, we explored the possible roles of miR-367 and CEBPA in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH and normal specimens were obtained from the tissue adjacent to and distant from hematoma of ICH patients, respectively. Microglia were isolated and identified by immunofluorescence. The isolated microglia were treated with erythrocyte lysate and randomly divided into 8 groups using different transfection reagents. The transfection efficiency of miR-367 was determined by qRT-PCR. The expressions of M1 and M2 microglia markers were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between CEBPA and miR-367 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter system. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the level of apoptosis in the cells transfected with miR-367 and CEBPA in erythrocyte lysate–treated microglia. We found that miR-367 expression level was downregulated in ICH specimens. Erythrocyte lysate–treated microglia was successfully established using erythrocyte lysate, as decreased miR-367 expression was observed. Overexpression of miR-367 could significantly decrease the expressions of MHC-ІІ, IL-1β, and Bax, reduced apoptosis rate, and increased the expressions of CD206, Bal-2, and Arg-1 in erythrocyte lysate–treated microglia. CEBPA was proved to be a direct target for miR-367, which could inhibit microglia M2 polarization and increase apoptosis rate. However, in the presence of both CEBPA and miR-367 mimic, the protein and mRNA expressions of CEBPA were decreased, leading to promoted microglia M2 polarization and a decreased apoptosis rate. MiR-367 regulates microglia polarization by targeting CEBPA and is expected to alleviate ICH-induced inflammatory injury.
Highlights
Hemorrhagic stroke ( known as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)) is the most acute and serious cerebrovascular disease, Hui Pei and Qian Peng contributed to this work.Microglia plays an important role in inflammatory response (Shi et al 2016)
MiR-367 expression was downregulated in perihematoma of ICH patients QRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression level of miR-367 in ICH specimens and normal specimens
We found that miR367 mimic significantly reduced the protein expressions of M1 microglia markers (MHC-ІІ and IL-1β) and increased those of M2 microglia markers (CD206 and Arg-1) (Fig. 2g, h), indicating that overexpressed miR-367 promoted microglia M2 polarization
Summary
Hemorrhagic stroke ( known as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)) is the most acute and serious cerebrovascular disease, Hui Pei and Qian Peng contributed to this work.Microglia plays an important role in inflammatory response (Shi et al 2016). After ICH, microglia is activated and release inflammatory factors, thereby exacerbating ICHinduced injury (Zhang et al 2017). Activated M1 can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS) and M1 marker major histocompatibility complex class ІІ (MHC-ІІ) and aggravate inflammatory response, while alternatively activated M2 can secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Arg-1, IL-4, IL-13) and M2 marker CD206 and exerts an opposite effect to that of M1 microglia (Miron et al 2013; Hamzei Taj et al 2016; Xu et al 2016; Zhang et al 2017). M1 and M2 can alleviate ICH-induced inflammatory response by mediating microglia M2 polarization (Shi et al 2016; Lan et al 2017; Zhou et al 2017). Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) were proved to accelerate brain recovery after ICH through modulating microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype (Zhou et al 2017)
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