Abstract
miRNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of human cancer. Among them, hsa-mir-1269a and hsa-mir-1269b are located on human chromosomes 4 and 17, respectively, and their mature miRNAs (miR-1269a and miR-1269b) have the same sequence. miR-1269a is overexpressed in 9 cancers. The high expression of miR-1269a not only has diagnostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer but also is related to the poor prognosis of cancer patients such as esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioma. miR-1269a can target 8 downstream genes (CXCL9, SOX6, FOXO1, ATRX, RASSF9, SMAD7, HOXD10, and VASH1). The expression of miR-1269a is regulated by three non-coding RNAs (RP11-1094M14.8, LINC00261, and circASS1). miR-1269a participates in the regulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and caspase-9-mediated apoptotic pathway, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of cancer. There are fewer studies on miR-1269b compared to miR-1269a. miR-1269b is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but miR-1269b is low expressed in gastric cancer. miR-1269b can target downstream genes (METTL3, CDC40, SVEP1, and PTEN) and regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, sequence mutations on miR-1269a and miR-1269b can affect their regulation of cancer. The current studies have shown that miR-1269a and miR-1269b have the potential to be diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. Future research on miR-1269a and miR-1269b can focus on elucidating more of their upstream and downstream genes and exploring the clinical application value of miR-1269a and miR-1269b.At present, there is no systematic summary of the research on miR-1269a and miR-1269b. This paper aims to comprehensively analyze the abnormal expression, diagnostic and prognostic value, and molecular regulatory pathways of miR-1269a and miR-1269b in multiple cancers. The overview in our work can provide useful clues and directions for future related research.
Highlights
MicroRNA is an endogenous non-coding RNA with a length of 20–22 nucleotides, which can usually bind to the 3′untranslated region of its target gene to silence gene expression (Ambros, 2004). hsa-mir-1269a at chromosome 4 and hsa-mir1269b at chromosome 17 are members of the miR-1269 family
MiR-1269a and miR-1269b are involved in a variety of cancers. miR-1269a is highly expressed in 9 cancers
Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs are frequently deregulated in cancer cells, thereby affecting tumor growth, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistance (Arghiani and Shah, 2021). miR1269a is of great significance in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer
Summary
MicroRNA (miRNA) is an endogenous non-coding RNA with a length of 20–22 nucleotides, which can usually bind to the 3′untranslated region of its target gene to silence gene expression (Ambros, 2004). hsa-mir-1269a at chromosome 4 and hsa-mir1269b at chromosome 17 are members of the miR-1269 family. Hsa-mir-1269a at chromosome 4 and hsa-mir1269b at chromosome 17 are members of the miR-1269 family. They can produce mature miRNAs (miR-1269a and miR-1269b) (Kong et al, 2016) with the same sequence. MiRNA target gene prediction tools mainly used in the miR-1269 related studies include TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/) (McGeary et al, 2019), miRDB (http://www.mirdb.org/ miRDB/) (Chen and Wang, 2020), and mirwalk (http:/// mirwalk.umm.uni-heidelberg.de/) (Sticht et al, 2018). MiR-1269a is abnormally highly expressed in 9 cancers, used for the diagnosis of 6 cancers, and is related to the prognosis of 6 cancers. MiR-1269a can regulate the expression of 8 downstream genes and is related to the regulation of three signaling pathways. The genetic variants of both miR-1269a and miR-1269b can affect the function of their wild types
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