Abstract
Surface subsidence induced by mining subsidence affects the overlying buildings and nearby utilities. Therefore, an investigation of the internal displacement and surface settlement is very important. A small-scale transparent soil model was developed to study the surface settlement profile and displacement field induced by mining subsidence. An analysis of the continuous change of the displacement field inside the transparent soil models indicates that the subsurface settlement at different subsidence stages can be approximated by a normal probability curve. Additionally, the observed surface settlements are consistent with settlement predictions of both the probability integral method and the Gaussian distribution method. The results indicate that it is a good way to study further the underground structure–soil interaction.
Highlights
Introduction and motivationGround subsidence and environmental hazards caused by highintensity and large-area exploitation of coal resources have become more and more serious in China (Chen et al, 2013)
This paper describes surface subsidence using transparent soil and particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology
The small-scale model test can be used to observe and measure complex subsidence patterns induced by mining in 3D laboratory tests, combining PIV technology and transparent soil
Summary
Ground subsidence and environmental hazards caused by highintensity and large-area exploitation of coal resources have become more and more serious in China (Chen et al, 2013). The development of transparent soil modelling, involving the use of laser-aided tomography, digital imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology, has made it possible to observe ground movements and soil internal displacements in laboratory tests (Bathurst and Ezzein, 2015; Chatellier et al, 2013; Iskander and Liu, 2010; Lehane and Gill, 2004; White and Bolton, 2004; White et al, 2003). The objective is to establish a small-scale physical modelling method, in which the internal displacement field of the soil induced by mining could be observed non-intrusively and could be precisely quantified by the PIV technology. Once established, such a transparent soil model test system could be used to investigate more complicated geotechnical processes (e.g. pile foundations, pipelines and even other building foundations induced by subsidence) in mining subsidence areas that have not been previously and directly observed at the laboratory scale
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