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Abstract
The Dzhidinsky orefield is located in the Zakamensky district of Buryatia. It is characterized by a high concentration of mineralization in a small area. The ores of the Dzhidinsky economic deposits are complex. This ore field includes Pervomaiskoye Mo, Kholtosonskoe W, and Inkurskoe W deposits. The catchment basin of the river Modonkul is located in the Dzhidinsky orefield. Mineral resource industry waste is a real threat to the city Zakamensk. Currently, the waste of deposits is located at the floodplain terrace and the watershed of the river Modonkul. In this work, the impact of the drainage mine and tributary Inkur on the formation chemical composition of the river Modonkul is studied. The 80 samples of water and suspended matter were taken from a surface of 0–0.5 m on seven sites. Physical and chemical parameters were measured at the sampling sites, and chemical composition was analyzed in the laboratory. In the natural background of the river, the major cations are, in decreasing order, Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ + K+, and major anions are, also in decreasing order, HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−. Along the river, the chemical type of water changes from bicarbonate to sulfate across the sulfate-bicarbonate or bicarbonate-sulfate class and from calcium-magnesium across sodium-calcium-magnesium reverse calcium-magnesium group. Total dissolved solids (TDS) increase by a factor of 4.0–4.7 between the upper and mouth of the river. The dissolved and suspended loads were studied in the mixing zone of acid mine and river water. The different hydrochemistry characteristics may result from Fe, Al, and Mn hydroxide precipitation. The pH values and dissolved oxygen cycles could change the uptake of heavy metals on suspended iron and manganese oxides, and the mechanism of removing it in water. River particulates have the potential of regulating heavy metal inputs to aquatic systems from pollution. The ore elements or the heavy metals are removed from the water in two ways: by the runoff of Modonkul and the sedimentation of suspended material at the bottom. The inflow of mine water into the Modonkul river leads to the rare earth elements (REEs) composition with negative cerium and positive europium anomalies.
Highlights
The Dzhidinsky ore field is located in the watershed of Lake Baikal
The impact of inflowing tributary and mine water on the chemical composition occurs at a distance along the length of the river
Significant variations in chemical composition indicate the complex effect of mining waste
Summary
The Dzhidinsky ore field is located in the watershed of Lake Baikal. The industry center of this orefield is the Zakamensky district of Buryatia (Russia). The ores of the Dzhidinsky economic deposits are complex This orefield includes Pervomaiskoye Mo, Kholtosonskoe W, and Inkurskoe W deposits [1,2]. Industrial ores of Pervomaiskoye deposit contains (%): 0.1–0.15 Mo; 0.018 BeO; 0.031 WO3 ; 0.024 Cu; 0.038 Zn; 0.04 Pb. Water 2020, 12, 979 the content of useful components. The natural-technogenic system covers an area of more than 100 km2 [4] It includes the industrial Pervomaiskoye, Inkurskoe, Kholtosonskoe deposits, plants, tailings, mine waters from adits, a metal casting plant (Liteyshchik LLC), urban treatment facilities, and a motor transport area. The hill at the mouth of the river Modonkul is composed mainly of fine-grained determined using standard atomic absorption analysis methods on an AAC PinAAcle 900F sands, had a band lamination, reflecting periodic large spills of water in the delta. The valley of the river Modonkul is characterized by the stagnation of air and a large number of days with calm weather
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