Abstract
Given the ongoing transformation of the transport sector toward electrification, expansion of the current charging infrastructure is essential to meet future charging demands. The lack of fast-charging infrastructure along highways and motorways is a particular obstacle for long-distance travel with battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In this context, we propose a charging infrastructure allocation model that allocates and sizes fast-charging stations along high-level road networks while minimizing the costs for infrastructure investment. The modeling framework is applied to the Austrian highway and motorway network, and the needed expansion of the current fast-charging infrastructure in place is modeled under different future scenarios for 2030. Within these, the share of BEVs in the car fleet, developments in BEV technology and road traffic load changing in the face of future modal shift effects are altered. In particular, we analyze the change in the requirements for fast-charging infrastructure in response to enhanced driving range and growing BEV fleets. The results indicate that improvements in the driving range of BEVs will have limited impact and hardly affect future costs of the expansion of the fast-charging infrastructure. On the contrary, the improvements in the charging power of BEVs have the potential to reduce future infrastructure costs.
Highlights
Academic Editors: SunetraCurrently, 10% of the global GHG emissions are traced back to the transport sector, and45% of these are caused by passenger road transport [1]
The most relevant results are presented. It is divided into two parts: First, we elaborate on the expansion requirements for the existing fast-charging infrastructure along Austria’s highway network under different future scenarios for 2030
The decarbonization of the passenger sector is an important topic and the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is one of the main solutions to counteract the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the face of globally growing transport demand
Summary
Academic Editors: SunetraCurrently, 10% of the global GHG emissions are traced back to the transport sector, and45% of these are caused by passenger road transport [1]. One of the key measures against the growth of thereto related GHG emissions by motorized passenger transport is the introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This technology has several advantages—in contrast to vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE)—including the absence of tailpipe emissions, significantly higher energy efficiency, positive impact on air quality in urban areas and lower noise pollution [3]. The market penetration of BEVs significantly varies among countries [4]; one of the most prominent role models is Norway, which is the front runner for new registrations of electric vehicles, as 60% of newly registered passenger cars in Norway are exclusively powered by an electric engine [5]. According to the Paris Agreement, 20% of the global passenger car fleet must be electric engine powered by 2030 [6]. The market share of electric vehicles is currently 5% and there are mil. electric vehicles in the global passenger car fleet, which has the size of around one billion [1]
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