Abstract
Crisis of agricultural laborers in South Asia’s rural zones is pushing to pursue a labor-saving conservation agriculture strategy for crop production and weed control. Non-puddled transplanting and mulching residues of the previous crop are being developed for rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh to address this issue. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of strip tillage vs. conventional tillage combined with previous rice residues relative to herbicides and hand weeding on weed control and grain yield of winter rice during January-May in 2015 and 2016. Rice cv. BRRI dhan28 was transplanted with a combination of six treatments: puddled conventional tillage (CT)+3 hand weeding (HW) (Control); Preplant (PRE) herbicide (glyphosate)+non-puddled strip tillage (ST)+1HW; PRE+ST+pre-emergence (PE) herbicide (pendimethalin); PRE+ST+post-emergence (PO) herbicide (ethoxysulfuron-ethyl); PRE+ST+PE+PO; PRE+ST+weed-free (WF); and two levels of rice residues: no-residue (R0) vs. 50% standing residue (R50). The CT had done using a two-wheel tractor (2WT) by four ploughings and cross ploughings followed by levelling. A Versatile Multi-Crop Planter (VMP) was used for ST in a single pass operation. Over the two years, PRE+ST+PE+PO reduced weed density by 40% in the first year and 50% in the second year and weed biomass by 70% than CT+3HW in both years. Retention of 50% residue reduced weed density by 20% and biomass by 34%. The highest grain yield (12% higher than CT+3HW without residue) was obtained from PRE+ST+WF with 50% residue, while the highest BCR (47% higher over CT+3HW without residue) was obtained from PRE+ST+PE+PO with 50% residue.
Highlights
Most rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers in the Asian continent establish seedlings by transplanting in puddled soil, usually for easy crop establishment and weed control (Bell et al, 2019)
The present on-farm experiment aimed to determine increased residue's effectiveness compared to PRE, PE and PO herbicides on the weed control and grain yield of winter rice transplanted under minimum tillage in the form of strip tillage in Bangladesh
We present the weed data for conventional tillage (CT)+3HW and Gly+SP+PE+PO treatments under no-residue and 50% residue levels among the treatment combinations of this study
Summary
Most rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers in the Asian continent establish seedlings by transplanting in puddled soil, usually for easy crop establishment and weed control (Bell et al, 2019). Minimum tillage Non-Puddled Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Weed Control and Economics Under Conservation Agriculture Practice in Bangladesh. Residues are reported to reduce perennial weed density and biomass by 35 and 75%, respectively, and annual weeds by around 80% than no residue (Utami et al, 2020) These results indicate that crop residues can be a promising tool for suppressing weeds in the non-puddled transplanting system. The present on-farm experiment aimed to determine increased residue's effectiveness compared to PRE, PE and PO herbicides on the weed control and grain yield of winter rice transplanted under minimum tillage in the form of strip tillage in Bangladesh
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