Minimum dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in urban Burkina Faso.

Estefania Custodio,Tharcisse Nkunzimana,Sonia Fortin,Francois Kayikatire,Yves Martin‐Prevel,Anne‐Claire Thomas,Biram Ndiaye,Yves Kameli

doi:10.1111/mcn.12897

Abstract

Micronutrient malnutrition is a challenge for women of reproductive age, who are particularly vulnerable due to greater micronutrient needs. The minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD‐W) indicator is a micronutrient adequacy's proxy for those women, but little is known about its relation to other dimensions. We assessed MDD‐W and its association with other socioeconomic, food security and purchasing practices in urban Burkina Faso. We conducted multi‐stage cluster sampling in two main cities of Burkina Faso, stratified by type of district, and interviewed 12 754 women in the 2009‐2011 period. We obtained food consumption data through unquantified 24 hour recalls and computed MDD‐W as consuming at least five out of ten predefined food groups. We constructed multivariable regression models with sociodemographic and food security covariates. MDD‐W in urban Burkina Faso was 31%, higher in Ouagadougou (33%) than in Bobo‐Dioulasso (29%), and lower in unstructured districts. The most frequently consumed food groups were ‘all starchy', ‘vitamin A rich dark green leafy vegetables' and ‘other vegetables'. Household's expenses were associated with higher likelihood of MDD‐W, while the association with household food security indicators varied by year and type of district. Purchasing foods in markets and choosing the place of purchase based on large choice rather than proximity showed a positive association with the MDD‐W. Only one in three women in urban Burkina Faso reached the minimum dietary diversity, and although socioeconomic and food security variables had the greatest effect on MDD‐W, purchasing practices, like going to the market, also showed a positive effect.

Highlights

IntroductionMaternal micronutrient deficiencies constitute a widespread nutrition challenge faced by women living in resource-poor settings, the consequences of which affect the health and survival of women and their children, notably through intrauterine growth retardation (Allen, 2005) (Bartley, Underwood and Deckelbaum, 2005)
Maternal micronutrient deficiencies constitute a widespread nutrition challenge faced by women living in resource-poor settings, the consequences of which affect the health and survival of women and their children, notably through intrauterine growth retardation (Allen, 2005) (Bartley, Underwood and Deckelbaum, 2005).One of the main factors of this type of malnutrition is the poor quality of women's diets, notably their lack of diversity
Behavioural proxies showed a positive association with the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) suggesting that the purchase in markets to be exposed to larger diversity should be encouraged as a means to increase the diversity of women's diets socioeconomic, food security and purchasing practices in women of reproductive age in the two main cities of Burkina Faso

Summary

Introduction

Maternal micronutrient deficiencies constitute a widespread nutrition challenge faced by women living in resource-poor settings, the consequences of which affect the health and survival of women and their children, notably through intrauterine growth retardation (Allen, 2005) (Bartley, Underwood and Deckelbaum, 2005). One of the main factors of this type of malnutrition is the poor quality of women's diets, notably their lack of diversity. There is ample evidence from developed countries that dietary diversity is strongly associated with nutrient adequacy (Ruel M, n.d.) and a growing evidence from developing countries supports this association (Mirmiran, Azadbakht, & Azizi, 2006) (Arimond et al, 2010) (Mirmiran, Azadbakht, Esmaillzadeh, & Azizi, 2004). Women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) are vulnerable because of their higher micronutrient needs (Torheim, Ferguson, Penrose, & Arimond, 2010)

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Conclusion