Abstract
Urbanization is heavily influenced by the transportation that becomes fundamental to the mobility of human activities. However, unchecked growth in transportation raises serious concerns about many issues such as congestions, limited parking, and public transit problem. This phenomenon also overwhelms Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia that has a high number of car ownership. Consequently, traffic congestion in urban area has affected people living there in terms of lost time on the road and waste of fuel consumption. In this regard, this research aims to minimize the congestion index and mode share in Kuala Lumpur based on the tested of six travel demand strategy variables. The problem was model and optimized using system dynamics (SD) optimization approach. Results of the developed SD optimization model shows that the optimized congestion index is 0.89863 while the mode share is 52.87% in 2030 compared to SD baserun which are only 1.1021 and 21.7% for congestion index and mode share respectively. This finding shows that SD optimization performed a better result in terms of achieving the targeted of congestion index and mode share of < 0.6 and 50% by 2030 compared to SD baserun. From the managerial perspective, this research helps towards achieving the government’s congestion index and mode share targets through strategizing the ways on attracting public transportation and discouraging the usage of private cars in Kuala Lumpur.
Highlights
The urban traffic congestion had worsened in many countries today as a result of increase in population, economic growth, private vehicle ownership, urbanization, housing development, and jobs opportunity [1]
Results from the system dynamics (SD) optimization model gives the optimal value for a mode share of public transportation which is 52.87%
Result from SD optimization analysis shows that the congestion index in Kuala Lumpur is 0.8963 in 2030
Summary
The urban traffic congestion had worsened in many countries today as a result of increase in population, economic growth, private vehicle ownership, urbanization, housing development, and jobs opportunity [1]. The cause of heavy traffic congestion in Kuala Lumpur is due to the high dependency on private vehicle and low usage of public transportation [7]. It is found that early urban transport studies emphasized on improving the traffic management and infrastructures which include constructing new roads and widening the existing one in combating congestion in Kuala Lumpur [9]. Under the National Key Result Area, the government has focused improvement in the investment of public transportation infrastructures to raise its mode share added that the expansion of roads is constrained by limited space in inner areas of Kuala Lumpur [11]
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