Minimizing interrogative suggestibility

Abstract

Purpose. Use of warnings about the possible presence of misinformation in questions put to witnesses can reduce the extent to which such misinformation is incorporated in witnesses' recall. Previous studies of this phenomenon, known as 'interrogative suggestibility', have not, however, attempted to establish the degree to which it can be reduced in this way. The present study used the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2 (GSS-2) in an attempt to make this relative judgment, based on population norms established for the scale. Method. Participants were allocated to one of three groups: (1) a 'Warned Group' underwent the GSS-2 without negative feedback but also with a warning concerning the possible presence of misinformation in questions; (2) a 'Neutral Group' underwent a variant of the GSS-2 in which negative feedback was not administered; and (3) a 'Standard Group' underwent the normal GSS-2 procedure. Results. The hypothesized pattern of results-that the provision of a warning would enhance the ability of participants to resist misinformation without completely eliminating its acceptance-was confirmed. Conclusions. Up to two-thirds of the variance in interrogative suggestibility may be potentially under the control of the interviewer. In addition to assessing levels of interrogative suggestibility in potential witnesses, the Gudjonsson scales could be used to help train professionals who interview witnesses to keep the suggestiveness of their interviewing style to a minimum. Language: en