Abstract
In this paper, (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of an industrial wastewater treatment plant were monitored. GHG emissions originated from treatment processes were considered as the direct emissions and determined using closed chamber method. GHG emission due to energy consumption was regarded as the indirect emissions. In the second stage of the study, it was aimed to reduce GHG emissions in terms of water–energy nexus. If the plant is operated under design conditions, energy consumption would be lower according to water–energy nexus. Also, the effect of design conditions on GHG emissions was investigated. Firstly, the correlation was defined between GHG emissions and operational parameters in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and wastewater flow rate using Monte Carlo simulation. Then, design COD and wastewater flow rate were simulated to determine the possible GHG emission for each month. The simulation results show that minimization of GHG emissions might be possible if wastewater plant is operated under design conditions. The minimum greenhouse gas emission in the result of the simulation study is 8.25 kg CO2-eq/d if the plant is operated under design COD and flow rate. Total reduction in GHG emissions is approximately 30% if the plant is operated under design conditions.
Highlights
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants have become a current focus and are considered as one of the main environmental challenges, in the last decade
The direct greenhouse gas emissions are sum of C O2 and CH4 emissions observed in the aerated grit chamber, primary settling tank, aeration tanks, coagulation and flocculation tank and secondary sedimentation tank
It could be considered that seasonal variations have a strong effect on GHG emissions originated from treatment processes (Tables 4 and 5)
Summary
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wastewater treatment plants have become a current focus and are considered as one of the main environmental challenges, in the last decade. Water, wastewater treatment and distribution processes emit GHG emissions considering water–energy nexus. The energy consumption of a wastewater treatment plant is identified by both operational and design parameters containing the technique carried out in the treatment process, the size of the plant, effluent water standards, influent wastewater characterization, the volume of wastewater treated and the pollutant load of the inlet wastewater (Castellet-Viciano et al 2018, Metcalf and Eddy 2014). It is considered that energy consumption would be lower if the plant is operated under design conditions (Castellet-Viciano et al 2018) From this point of view, this paper aimed to reduce GHG emissions which contain carbon dioxide C O2 and methane C H4 emissions in terms of water–energy nexus considering design and operational parameters
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