Minimizing corner cracking during the de-moulding process of industrial-size GFRP components: a case study

Abstract

This article, through an industrial-level case study, presents workflows employed for decision-making to mitigate cracking of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) parts in tight radii corner locations, often resulting from displacement-controlled de-moulding processes. Namely, using process simulation to evaluate the cure cycle of the GFRP composite parts, it was possible to optimize the time of de-moulding and reduce the potential for part damage. It was observed that the most significant factors influencing the corner defect were boundary conditions of the part during de-moulding, the workshop temperature and part thickness. The poorest process design case was identified as hot workshop temperature, a laminate with thickness on the upper end of tolerances and a boundary condition where most sides are free, allowing for the development of larger moment forces at the tight corners. Further to this, a de-moulding time chart was developed to account for the changes in material properties as a function of temperature and material thickness, allowing for the in situ decision-making of technicians to reduce the occurrence of corner cracks.