Abstract
Considering a rapidly increasing seaborne trade and drastic climate changes due to emissions, produced by oceangoing vessels and container handling equipment, marine container terminal operators not only have to improve effectiveness of their operations to serve the increasing demand, but also to account for the environmental impact associated with the terminal operations. This paper proposes a novel mixed integer mathematical model for the berth scheduling problem, which minimizes the total service cost of vessels, including the total carbon dioxide emission cost due to container handling. The latter pollutant is a primary greenhouse gas that causes global warming. A Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm, which deploys a set of local search heuristics, is developed to solve the problem. Computational experiments showcase that the optimality gap of the proposed solution algorithm does not exceed 1.61%. It is further shown that the application of additional local search heuristics allows efficient discovery of promising solutions throughout the search process. Results from numerical experiments also indicate that changes in the carbon dioxide emission cost may significantly affect the design of berth schedules. The developed mathematical model and the proposed solution algorithm can thus be adopted as effective planning tools by the marine container terminal operators and improve the environmental sustainability of the terminal operations.
Highlights
The international seaborne trade plays a critical role for the global economy
This study focuses on modeling the berth scheduling problem (BSP), which aims to identify the assignment of arriving vessels to the marine container terminal (MCT) berthing positions and determine the sequence of vessels that will be served at each berthing position
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION This paper studies the BSP at a typical MCT that has a discrete berth layout, where the MCT wharf is divided into a set of berths
Summary
The international seaborne trade plays a critical role for the global economy. The volumes of the international seaborne trade have been constantly growing since 2009 and reached approximately 10.05 billion tons in 2015, which is a 27.9% increase as compared to the 2009 international seaborne trade volumes [1]. He et al [17] proposed a yard crane scheduling model, where the first objective minimized the total task completion delay, while the second one aimed to minimize the total energy consumption associated with completion of all the tasks He et al [18] presented a mathematical formulation for the integrated internal truck, yard crane, and quay crane scheduling problem. The review of the MCT literature shows that some of the BSP models, developed in the past, captured the emission production by the arriving vessels; none of the models directly accounted for the emission production due to container handing in berth scheduling To fill the latter gap in the stateof-the-art this study proposes a novel mixed integer BSP model, which minimizes the total vessel service cost, including the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission cost due to container handling. The last section discusses the main findings and outlines the future research avenues
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