Abstract
Native and introduced bees were attracted to and captured in commercially available Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, traps baited with floral lure components (geraniol, eugenol, phenethyl propionate [3:7:3]). Studies in Rhode Island found that Bombus impatiens Cresson was significantly more attracted to geraniol alone and as a component in a floral lure blend than to either eugenol or phenethyl propionate alone. Xylocopa virginica L. was more selective in being primarily attracted to traps baited with higher amounts of geraniol in 2016. In 2016, 32 baited and eight unbaited traps captured 856 B. impatiens and 124 X. virginica in 11 days of trapping in Rhode Island. In 2017, a total of 3,749 bees were captured in 124 traps in Rhode Island over 56 days and 90 in 32 traps in Ohio over 42 days. Removing geraniol from the floral lure reduced the bee capture but did not significantly reduce the Japanese beetle capture in 2017 and 2018. In 2018, a total of 708 bees were captured in 100 traps in Rhode Island over 56 days, 401 bees were captured in 68 traps in Tennessee over 60 days, and 34 bees were captured in 32 traps in Ohio over 58 days. Removing geraniol from Trécé dual lures significantly reduced bee captures in Rhode Island in 2018. Green, black, brown, and red traps captured significantly fewer bees than clear or standard yellow vane and green cage traps in 2018 in Rhode Island and Tennessee. The results suggest that using all green traps with a lure composed of eugenol and phenethyl propionate and the Japanese beetle male sex pheromone can effectively capture Japanese beetles while minimizing the bycatch of bees.
Highlights
Traps used to monitor Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are known to capture nontarget organisms, including bees (Hamilton et al 1970)
The results suggest that using all green traps with a lure composed of eugenol and phenethyl propionate and the Japanese beetle male sex pheromone can effectively capture Japanese beetles while minimizing the bycatch of bees
Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate the attractiveness of the Japanese beetle floral lure blend and each of these components at different amounts to determine which were most attractive to bees, and 2) evaluate lure components and trap colors and designs to determine which would reduce bee captures yet still capture Japanese beetles
Summary
Traps used to monitor Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), are known to capture nontarget organisms, including bees (Hamilton et al 1970). In California, trapping for adult Japanese beetles has been conducted for many years. Over 12,000 traps are deployed and monitored during the Japanese beetle flight season (CDFA 2016). In 2007 and 2008, Utah deployed approximately 3,250 Japanese beetle traps as part of the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food (UDAF) Japanese beetle monitoring and eradication program (Strange et al 2011). In 2016, Oregon Department of Agriculture’s Insect Pest Prevention and Management Program placed 2,620 Japanese beetle traps (fewer than normal due to budget constraints) and captured 369 beetles, the highest number captured in the program’s 72-year history (Oregon Department of Agriculture 2016). California, Colorado, Oregon and Utah have conducted several successful Japanese beetle eradication programs since 1961 (CDFA 2014, ODA 2016). Landscape managers and homeowners use traps to monitor and/or control Japanese beetles
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