Abstract
The goal of this work is to calculate the total loss in the system and minimize this loss by implementation of distributed generation (DG) technology. In this paper, load flow analysis method is followed to calculate the loss in the system in conjunction with the line flows. A simple 5 bus system with the main bus of the substation as the slack bus, three Plant generators at the generator bus and three load buses are taken for analysis. For loss minimization two distributed generators at two load buses are connected. One generator is a synchronous type model and the other is asynchronous type model. We searched for the most economical penetration level and the ratings of the distributed generators are decided by the magnitude of penetration power at each load bus. Using software, power system simulation for electrical (PSSE), the system with and without DG technology is modeled and the output from the PSSE is observed.
Highlights
The need for energy goes on increasing day by day but the supply of energy is very limited
Depending on the technology size, distributed generation (DG) may be classified into [9]: – micro (1 W–5 kW); – small (5 kW–5 MW); – medium (5–50 MW); – large (50–300 MW). Based on their electrical output characteristics distributed generators can be classified into three classes of DG technologies are as follows [10]: – synchronous generator technologies (SGTs); In induction generator technologies (IGTs) the reactive power absorbed from the grid can be derived from the equivalent circuit of an induction generator as follows [11]: Q 1⁄4 V 2qXXffifficffiffiÀcffiffiXffiffiffiXffimffiffiffimffiffiffiffiþffiffiffiffiffiXffiffiffiffiffi2ffiVffiðffiffiRffi2ffiffiffiþ2ffiffiffiþffiffi2ffiffiRffiXffiffiffiPffi2ffiffiÞffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ðV 2 þ 2RP Þ2 À 4P 2ðR2 þ X2Þ
If Pli is the real power consumed by the load at bus i and Qli is the reactive power consumed by the load at the same bus, on connecting the asynchronous generator technology, the new real power (Pnli) and reactive power (Qnli) consumed at bus i can be written as: Pnli 1⁄4 P li À P asynchronous generator based technologies (AGTs) ; ð17Þ
Summary
The need for energy goes on increasing day by day but the supply of energy is very limited. The main reason for the energy crisis is that we have not able to harvest all the available energy in the nature due to technical generation problem or we can say we have not get enough ideas how to generate energy for our needs and consumptions [1]. Power losses appear in every part of our power system like in generation, transmission and distribution as well as in consumption process. Starting from the generation, the inputs such as petroleum, natural gas and coal in case of thermal power plant; nuclear fuel as in case of nuclear power plant were combusted to produce heat to convert water into steam to run the prime mover of the generators. After generation; electricity output is transmitted using transmission lines usually high or medium voltage above 132 kV. In transmission lines the main causes of electricity loss are the technical factors, the climatological factors and the geographical conditions. Corona loss occurs when the line to line voltage exceed
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