Abstract
Sensor installation on water infrastructure is challenging due to requirements for service interruption, specialized personnel, regulations and reliability as well as the resultant high costs. Here, a minimally invasive installation method is introduced based on hot-tapping and immersion of a sensor probe. A modular architecture is developed that enables the use of interchangeable multisensor probes, nonspecialist installation and servicing, low-power operation and configurable sensing and connectivity. A prototype implementation with a temperature, pressure, conductivity and flow multisensor probe is presented and tested on an evaluation rig. This article demonstrates simple installation, reliable and accurate sensing capability as well as remote data acquisition. The demonstrated minimally invasive multisensor probes provide an opportunity for the deployment of water quality sensors that typically require immersion, such as pH and spectroscopic composition analysis. This design allows dynamic deployment on existing water infrastructure with expandable sensing capability and minimal interruption, which can be key to addressing important sensing parameters, such as optimal sensor network density and topology.
Highlights
SERVICESNetwork surveillance & active management, operational optimisation, economic forecasting, asset and risk management, scheduled maintenance, service billingTHE objective of monitoring water infrastructure is to facilitate a safe, sustainable, reliable and cost-effective service
The drive shaft moves inside a cylinder which acts as a drill guide and forms a seal that prevents escape of the water that leaks from the pipe once the pipe wall has been breached
The cutting fluid is replaced by water before the pipe wall is breached, and once drilling is complete the water leaking from the pipe is used to flush the valve (Fig. 3b)
Summary
Network surveillance & active management, operational optimisation, economic forecasting, asset and risk management, scheduled maintenance, service billing. Water distribution wireless sensor networks typically employ sensors measuring various quantities including level, temperature, pressure, flow, turbidity, pH, chlorine concentration, as well as other chemical properties [1,2,3] They provide low-level knowledge such as availability, usage, leakage, backflow events, quality and contamination. This information can be transformed into higher level knowledge such as reservoir availability, environmental impact, network utility, condition of network infrastructure, distribution performance, reliability, sustainability, safety and security, and quality of service Such system knowledge can underpin services including network surveillance and active management, operational optimization, economic forecasting, HIGH LEVEL KNOWLEDGE. A minimally invasive method for installing sensor nodes on existing water distribution infrastructure is presented It is based on a small-scale hot-tapping method and the insertion of a small diameter sensing probe with a multi-sensing head.
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