Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma.

Abstract

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has been shown to be safe and effective in treatment of mild to moderate glaucoma in adults, but reports in childhood glaucoma are limited. We review the available data concerning MIGS and discuss its potential role in childhood glaucoma management. Ab interno counterparts to circumferential ab externo trabeculotomy such as gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) and Trab360 show promise in treatment of primary glaucomas as reported in a few retrospective case series. Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) and Trabectome have demonstrated mixed results in few published case reports in children. Small case series and reports suggest that the Xen gel stent can be a safer alternative to traditional filtration surgery, though data on long-term implant and bleb stability are unavailable. Newer devices are being investigated and early results are encouraging. GATT and Trab360 seem to be safe, effective methods of achieving circumferential trabeculotomy in childhood glaucoma. KDB, Trabectome, and Xen gel stent have shown some success in selected cases with short-term follow-up. Surgeons must determine the risks and benefits of MIGS over more established methods of intraocular pressure reduction for each individual child. Further research is needed to validate initial findings regarding MIGS in childhood glaucoma.