Minimally Invasive Approaches to Forehead Rejuvenation

Abstract

Brow position is an established measure of both gender and youth. Patient goals can range from facial feminization to restoration of a more youthful form. Since its introduction in 1994, the endoscopic brow lift has become increasingly popular for elevation and stabilization of the brow, although numerous aesthetic surgeons still question its efficacy. The endoscopic brow lift demands a detailed understanding of specialized endoscopic instruments and regional anatomy. The dissection is tactile at times, but key portions require either direct or endoscopic visualization. Fixation options are numerous, each with their specific risks and benefits. Most importantly, well-planned surgical technique is key in avoiding the stigmata of brow surgery, such as a raised hairline, overcorrection with a surprised facade, and incisional alopecia. In this chapter, we review pertinent anatomy and an algorithm for brow ptosis evaluation. We discuss the specialized instruments necessary to perform this procedure and surgical techniques to maximize outcome while minimizing complications. In preparing patients for this procedure, we review the complication profile and key points of preoperative discussion. A well-done endoscopic brow lift can offer patients a sustainable, stable result with minimal surgical scars and should be included in the armamentarium of an aesthetic surgeon.