Minimalist Shoes

Abstract

The prevalence of barefoot running has increased over the past decade. In response, several equipment manufacturers have produced “minimalist” shoes that allow for the subjective feel of barefoot running while providing basic foot protection. Previous research indicates running in barefoot conditions, or with a minimalist shoe, may offer a biomechanical advantage. Anecdotal reports suggest such running conditions may improve race performance; however, research in this particular area has not been explored. PURPOSE: To examine differences in running performance, physiological variables, and psychological ratings of exertion and feeling during a race situation in a minimalist shoe (MS) versus traditional shoe (TS) in trained runners with minimalist shoe experience. METHODS: Fourteen male, trained runners engaged in a 2-mile time trial using either MS or TS. During the trial subjects controlled speed without knowing the pace they were running. Every half-mile subjects responded to the feeling scale (FS) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). A qualitative questionnaire was also given post run to gather information on motivation and subjective responses to running. The perception of performance (POP) scale was used to examine subject perception of their running performance. Time to completion (TTC) of the race trial was also measured, as were physiological variables relating to exercise intensity: heart rate (HR), and oxygen (VO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in TTC or RPE between MS and TS trials. Compared with TS, the MS trial scored significantly higher on the FS (p <0.05, 4.47 ± 1.45 v. 0.61 ± 1.71) and POP (p < 0.05, 0.33 ± 1.04 v. -0.33 ± 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Runners trained in both traditional and minimalist running shoes show psychological edges in minimalist shoes during competitive runs. When compared with traditional shoes, trained runners who race in a minimalist shoe report feeling better, and running easier, at all levels of exertion despite no improvements in race time.