Minimal persistent inflammation in Japanese cedar pollinosis and a prophylactic effect of intranasal corticosteroids

Abstract

Background Low doses of allergen exposure can cause an activation of inflammatory cells in nasal mucosa without an onset of nasal symptoms, called MPI (minimal persistent inflammation). MPI contributes to hyperreactivity and subsequently onset of the full-scale symptom. However, little is known whether MPI is present in JCP (Japanese cedar pollinosis). In addition, a prophylactic effect of intranasal corticosteroids on MPI in JCP has not been investigated. Method We designed a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. 20 patients with JCP and without perennial allergic rhinitis were enrolled. Nasal provocation test with low dose of allergen (14.7µg/disc) was performed once daily for 3 consecutive days. The levels of ECP and tryptase in nasal discharge were examined. Patients started to receive FFNS (fluticasone furoate nasal spray) or placebo one day before the first nasal provocation test. Result In placebo group, only 25% of patients showed positive response to the provocation test on day 1. However, 75% and 68% of patients showed positive response on day 2 and day 3, respectively. After the first provocation, the levels of ECP and tryptase were both significantly increased. These levels were not significantly different between the positive and negative responders, and the increase was seen even in the negative responders. Pretreatment with FFNS significantly suppressed the increase of nasal ECP and tryptase. Conclusion These results suggest that MPI characterized by the upregulation of ECP and tryptase is present in JCP, and a prophylactic treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has a potential for controlling MPI in JCP.