Abstract
Minimal access surgery is intended to minimize the trauma of access without compromising exposure of the operative field. Its major benefits include diminished cost of therapy due to a reduced hospital stay and accelerated recovery with early return to full activity. The approaches used in minimal access surgery are laparoscopic, endoluminal, perivisceral, intra-articular, and combined. Many abdominal and thoracic procedures are being adapted to the minimal access approach. Developmental requirements include improvements in light delivery systems; three-dimensional television imaging; better surgical instrumentation; ultrasound probes for internal and external scanning; stapling devices; and tunable, portable solid-state diode lasers. In addition, however, adequate prospective evaluation of laparoscopic procedures, established or new, must be undertaken in the major academic institutions.
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