Miniaturized square fractal ring patch unit cell for active reflective metasurface in C‐ and X‐bands

Abstract

AbstractA miniaturized dual‐band reflective metasurface unit cell is presented based on a square fractal copper‐ring patch combined with a PIN diode. Its structure is optimally designed via the genetic algorithm to achieve phase differences of the reflection coefficients between on and off states of the PIN diode at both C‐ and X‐bands center frequencies. The accuracy of the proposed dual‐band metasurface unit cell is verified by comparing simulations with measurements inside the C‐ and X‐bands rectangular waveguides. The proposed miniaturized metasurface unit cell could improve the radiation efficiency of the dual‐band reflective metasurface antenna by enabling fine quantization of the phase distribution and mitigating the mutual couplings among different states of the unit cells.