Abstract
A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna array that operates at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is proposed for fifth generation (5G) applications. The proposed array consists of four SIW cavities fabricated on one single layer of substrate. Each cavity implements a rhombic slot and a triangular-split-ring slot, resonating on TE101 and TE102 modes at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. In comparison with dual-band SIW antennas in the literature, the proposed configuration depicts a miniature footprint (28.7 × 30.8 mm2) without stacking substrates. To excite the four cavities with equal power, a broadband power divider that supports the propagation of TE10 mode is designed. Accordingly, the impedance bandwidths are 26.6–28.3 GHz and 36.8–38.9 GHz. The measured realized peak gain over the lower and higher bands is 9.3–10.9 dBi and 8.7–12.1 dBi, respectively. The measured half-power beam widths (HPBWs) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are 20.7° and 15.0°, respectively. Considering these characteristics, including dual bands, high gain, narrow beam widths, miniaturization, and single layer, the proposed antenna array is a suitable candidate for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems with the flexibility in switching operating frequency bands against channel quality variations.
Highlights
E measured half-power beam widths (HPBWs) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are 20.7° and 15.0°, respectively. Considering these characteristics, including dual bands, high gain, narrow beam widths, miniaturization, and single layer, the proposed antenna array is a suitable candidate for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems with the flexibility in switching operating frequency bands against channel quality variations
Classical waveguides with solid walls have difficulty to be integrated with printed circuit boards (PCBs)
Considerable attention has been paid to the development of 5G millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antennas, earlier studies put more emphasis on single-band design at 28 GHz [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
Summary
While the proposed antenna is a 1 × 4 linear array, this section presents the design and analysis of a unit element. The resonant frequency at the higher frequency band can be controlled by tuning s; the associated resonant frequencies are 38.8 GHz, 38.6 GHz, and 38.2 GHz, respectively According to these results, the design rule of the proposed unit element involves two steps. For the lower frequency band, the simulated (measured) realized peak gain is 7.6–8.5 (7.0–8.7) dBi. At the resonant frequency, the simulated and measured antenna efficiencies are 84% and 82%, respectively. For the higher frequency band, the simulated (measured) realized peak gain varies over 7.0–8.0 (3.9–6.8) dBi. At the resonant frequency, the simulated and measured antenna efficiencies are 76% and. Ird, the simulated efficiency does not include the loss due to the end launcher, but the imperfect conductivity of the connector may incur additional loss, especially at 38 GHz. More explicitly, Figure 8 demonstrates the simulated and measured radiation patterns.
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