Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a novel strain of human beta-coronavirus that has produced over two million deaths and affected one hundred million individuals worldwide. As all the proposed drugs proved to be unstable, inducing side effects, the need to develop a vaccine crystallized in a short time. As a result, we searched the databases for articles in which the authors reported the efficacy and safety of the use of several vaccines vaccines by sex, age group, and frequency of adverse reactions. We identified a total of 19 relevant articles that were discussed throughout this manuscript. We concluded that from all eleven vaccines, three had an efficacy >90% (Pfizer–BioNTech (~95%), Moderna (~94%), and Sputnik V (~92%)) except for Oxford–AstraZeneca (~81%). However, Moderna, Sputnik V, and Oxford–AstraZeneca also alleviate severe adverse reactions, whereas in Pfizer–BioNTech this was not revealed. The remaining five (Convidicea (AD5-nCOV); Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S); Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV); Covaxin (BBV152), and Sinovac (CoronaVac)) were discussed based on their immunogenicity, and safety reported by the recipients since only phases 1 and 2 were conducted without clear evidence published regarding their efficacy. CoviVac and EpiVacCorona have just been approved, which is why no published article could be found. All adverse events reported following the administration of one of the four vaccines ranged from mild to moderate; limited exceptions in which the patients either developed severe forms or died, because most effects were dose-dependent. It can be concluded that aforementioned vaccines are efficient and safe, regardless of age and sex, being well-tolerated by the recipients.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) normative acts, in conjunction with the English Oxford Dictionary, a pandemic describes a "disease" whose propagation area is independent of the epicenter’s geographical localization [1].At the end of 2019, China was severely affected by a novel strain of beta-coronavirus, having as epicenter the city of Wuhan
Considering how urgent the necessity of a vaccine was, we found it suitable to discuss in the present study the COVID-19 vaccines in terms of efficiency and reliability
How Efficient and Reliable COVID-19 Vaccines Are?. It should be mentioned from the beginning that we will not focused on prototypes tested until the official launch of globally distributed vaccines
Summary
At the end of 2019, China was severely affected by a novel strain of beta-coronavirus, having as epicenter the city of Wuhan. The reproduction number (R0) rate of the virus is very high: 2.24–3.58 [2] being viable on different surfaces up to 72 hours or more [3]. In this way, individuals over fifty-five years and those suffering from chronic diseases are at a higher risk, which is directly reflected by the number of deaths [4,5,6,7,8,9]
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