Ming-Period Evidence of Shaolin Martial Practice

Abstract

T HE Shaolin J/t Monastery is arguably one of the most famous Buddhist temples worldwide. The reason lies not in the scholarly achievements of its resident monks, nor even in the traditions associating it with Bodhidharma (Damo 4)*), legendary founder of the Chan school. Rather, Shaolin's fame rests on the martial arts, for many traditions of Chinese fighting consider this monastery their birthplace. The twentieth century has witnessed a fascinating cultural exchange, as Chinese fighting techniques have enjoyed increasing popularity in the West. Featuring a unique mixture of military, therapeutic, and religious goals, these martial arts spread Shaolin's renown among large populations, which are not necessarily familiar with the Buddhist faith. Is the fame enjoyed by the Shaolin monastery justified? Did its monks ever practice the martial arts? Could they have ignored the Buddhist prohibition of violence? Did Shaolin's geographic, economic, or social environment prompt their violation-if such ever