Abstract
In this study, a potential hard tissue substitute was mimicked using collagen/mangosteen porous scaffolds. Collagen was extracted from Tilapia fish skin and mangosteen from the waste peel of the respective fruit. Sodium trimetaphosphate was used for the phosphorylation of these scaffolds to improve the nucleation sites for the mineralization process. Phosphate groups were incorporated in the collagen structure as confirmed by their attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) bands. The phosphorylation and mangosteen addition increased the thermal stability of the collagen triple helix structure, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA) characterizations. Mineralization was successfully achieved, and the presence of calcium phosphate was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nevertheless, the porous structure was maintained, which is an essential characteristic for the desired application. The deposited mineral was amorphous calcium phosphate, as confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results.
Highlights
Biomaterials are remarkable for their functionality and design to potentialize the regenerative capacity of the body, overcoming conventional treatment limitations, assisting tissue regeneration, and improving quality of life
Evaluation of scaffolds degradation showed that the lowest Tonset value comes from the Comparing the phosphorylated sample (CP) sample, which means all modifications, such as mangosteen addition and mineralization process at both temperatures (25 and 37 ◦C), increased the thermal stability of collagen helix triple
All scaffolds showed a Ca/P ratio in the range typically found in the bone, which means that the mineralization process achieved its objective to deposit calcium phosphate to replace that tissue
Summary
Biomaterials are remarkable for their functionality and design to potentialize the regenerative capacity of the body, overcoming conventional treatment limitations, assisting tissue regeneration, and improving quality of life. The phosphorylation of collagen is an approach that could increase the calcium phosphate precipitation, as the anionic groups serve as a site for homogeneous nucleation of the apatite crystallites. This biomimetic process may, in part, recapitulate the function of phosphate groups in naturally occurring phosphoproteins [14]. The study correlates the function of the xanthones in the antioxidant process, as their presence can activate wound-healing hormones, showing an advantage to combine this phenolic compound in scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
