Abstract
For groundwater treatment, the technologies involving oxidation on MnOx filter bed are beneficial, common, and effectively used. The presence of MnOx is the mutual feature of filter media, both MnOx-coated mineral materials like quartz sand and gravel, chalcedonite, diatomite, glauconite, zeolite, or anthracite along with consisting of MnOx manganese ores. This review is based on the analysis of research and review papers, commercial data sheets, and standards. The paper aimed to provide new suggestions and useful information for further investigation of MnOx filter media for groundwater treatment. The presented compilations are based on the characteristics of coatings, methods, and conditions of its obtaining and type of filter media. The relationship between the properties of MnOx amendments and the obtained purification effects as well as the commonly used commercial products, their features, and applications have been discussed. The paper concludes by mentioning about improving catalytic/adsorption properties of non-reactive siliceous media opposed to ion-exchange minerals and about possible significance of birnessite type manganese oxide for water treatment. Research needs related to the assessment of the use MnOx filter media to heavy metals removal from groundwater in field operations and to standardize methodology of testing MnOx filter media for water treatment were identified.
Highlights
The study gives an overview of the characteristic of mineral materials of natural origin used as filter media in the groundwater treatment, which consist of MnOx or are coated with MnOx to improve their properties
We present the main properties of commonly used rocks, such as quartz sand and gravel, chalcedonite, diatomite, glauconite, clinoptilolite, and anthracite, and describes the relationship of these features with the properties of filter beds in the general aspect of water treatment
Groundwater is widely used as drinking water worldwide, and its treatment is usually based on complex filter systems
Summary
Rocks and minerals are commonly used in various applications of environmental engineering. The filtration systems are a technical representation of the natural processes that occur between water components and rock material. The variety of minerals mined extended, and research methods were developed to characterize their properties, which resulted in the application of new materials The effect of this is the use of filters with anthracite, chalcedonite, diatomite, glauconite, pyrolusite and zeolites on groundwater treatment plants. Manganese, ammonium ion and hydrogen sulphide are common components of groundwater and can be removed by classic technologies based on manganese oxides coated and consisting of filter media. The study gives an overview of the characteristic of mineral materials of natural origin used as filter media in the groundwater treatment, which consist of MnOx or are coated with MnOx to improve their properties. The present work aims to provide new suggestions and useful information for further investigation of MnOx consisting of and coated filter media for groundwater treatment
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