Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the intake of minerals (calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and potassium) in the urban and rural elderly and explore the adequacy of intake and food sources for each mineral using nationwide big data. The study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between 2013 and 2016. We analyzed 5292 elderly individuals that were aged 65 years and older (2271 men, 3021 women). Daily calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and potassium intake, and they were analyzed using the 24-h dietary recall method. Additionally, the adequacy of intake and food sources for each mineral was analyzed. Blood triglyceride level was significantly higher in rural elderly than in urban elderly. The intake of calcium and potassium per 1000 kcal of energy intake was significantly lower in the rural elderly, and the proportion of participants with calcium intake below the Estimated Average Requirement was significantly higher in the rural elderly than in the urban elderly. The intake of calcium, phosphorous, and potassium in the rural elderly was lower than that in the urban elderly. These results can be used as basic data when making social and environmental policies for the health of the elderly and when providing targeted dietary education for the management of chronic diseases for the elderly.
Highlights
The world population continues to grow older, and the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years of age is expected to nearly double from 12% in 2015 to 22% in 2050 [1]
The mean age was significantly higher in the rural elderly than in the urban elderly (p < 0.001 in men; in women; and, in the total), and the proportion of population over 75 years old was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (p = 0.001 in men; p < 0.001 in women; and, in the total)
Our study shows that the intake of calcium, phosphorus, and potassium of the rural elderly in
Summary
The world population continues to grow older, and the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years of age is expected to nearly double from 12% in 2015 to 22% in 2050 [1]. Of the total population was 65 years old or over in 2018 [2], and there is growing interest in improving the health and quality of life of the elderly to better encounter population aging. The proportion of people with nutritional deficiency, whose energy intake was lower than 75% of Estimated Energy Requirement and intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B2 , were lower than the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) of respective nutrients, was 14.4%, the third highest, in the age group of 65 and older; 17.6%
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