Abstract
In deep geoengineering, including geothermal development, deep mining, and nuclear waste geological disposal, high temperature significantly affects the mineral properties of rocks, thereby changing their porous and mechanical characteristics. This paper experimentally studied the changes in mineral composition, pore structure, and mechanical characteristics of pyroxene granite heated to high temperature (from 25 °C to 1200 °C). The results concluded that (1) the high-temperature effect can be roughly identified as three stages: 25–500 °C, 500–800 °C, 800–1200 °C. (2) Below 500 °C, the maximum diffracted intensities of the essential minerals are comparatively stable and the porous and mechanical characteristics of granite samples change slightly, mainly due to mineral dehydration and uncoordinated thermal expansion; additionally, the failure mechanism of granite is brittle. (3) In 500–800 °C, the diffraction angles of the minerals become wider, pyroxene and quartz undergo phase transitions, and the difference in thermal expansion among minerals reaches a peak; the rock porosity increases rapidly by 1.95 times, and the newly created pores caused by high heat treatment are mainly medium ones with radii between 1 μm and 10 μm; the P-wave velocity and the elastic modulus decrease by 62.5% and 34.6%, respectively, and the peak strain increases greatly by 105.7%, indicating the failure mode changes from brittle to quasi-brittle. (4) In 800–1200 °C, illite and quartz react chemically to produce mullite and the crystal state of the minerals deteriorate dramatically; the porous and mechanical parameters of granite samples all change significantly and the P-wave, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and the elastic modulus decrease by 81.30%, 81.20%, and 92.52%, while the rock porosity and the shear-slip strain increase by 4.10 times and 11.37 times, respectively; the failure mechanism of granite samples transforms from quasi-brittle to plastic, which also was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Highlights
In recent years, with the huge demand for energy and resources promoted by global economic and social development, the associated deep geoengineering is becoming the frontier and hotspot of engineering worldwide
11.37 times, respectively; the failure mechanism of granite samples transforms from quasi-brittle to plastic, which was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
The pore structure is closely related to the adsorption and seepage of the fluids in the reservoir rock [11,12], while the mechanical properties contribute to the stability assessment and reinforcement measures of the rock constructions [13,14]
Summary
With the huge demand for energy and resources promoted by global economic and social development, the associated deep geoengineering (e.g., enhanced geothermal system [1], deep mining of coal and tight oil and gas [2,3], in-situ liquefaction and gasification of coal [4], nuclear waste geological disposal [5], etc.) is becoming the frontier and hotspot of engineering worldwide. Comprehensive research ranging from microscopic mineral composition to macroscopic physical and mechanical properties is necessary to better understand the high-temperature effect on rocks. Various experimental techniques, including CT scanning electron microscope (CT-SEM) [15], mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) [16,17,18,19,20], micro-CT [21,22], field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) [23,24], low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [25], photoacoustic spectrometry (PAS) [26], ultrasonic velocity measurement (UVM) [27], etc., were used to study the high-temperature effects on the porosity, pore size, and pore morphology of various materials such as calcareous sediments [21], coal [15,25], concrete [16], shale [22,23,24], granite [28,29], sandstone [18,19,28], limestone [17,20], and carbonate [27]. In terms of mechanical properties, most laboratory tests focus on stress–strain relationships [30], strength characteristics [9,17,19,20,31,32,33] (such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), tensile strength, confined compressive strength, etc.), deformation characteristics [17,19,34,35,36,37]
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