Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects up to 20% of individuals worldwide, which leads to emotional distress and imposes significant healthcare expenses. Given the multifactorial nature of IBS symptoms and the absence of a cure, this review shed light on the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in alleviating IBS symptoms and improving the quality of life in IBS patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases to identify Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) that examined the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in IBS patients. The inclusion criteria were adults (over 18 years) previously diagnosed with IBS based on the ROME II/III/IV criteria. Results: A total of 213 references were identified in the databases. From these, nine RCTs involving 503 participants were included in this review. The interventions demonstrated improvements in IBS symptoms and quality of life. However, most of the studies were severely affected by bias. Discussion: Most RCTs demonstrated a reduction in symptoms and an improvement in quality of life. However, it is essential to acknowledge certain methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes, lack of blinding, and high risk of bias, including selection and attrition. Conclusion: Despite acknowledged biases and restricted generalizability in the examined studies, it emphasizes the need for rigorous evidence to validate mindfulness effectiveness. Future research must prioritize bias reduction, include diverse populations, and broaden applicability. This review highlights the potential of mindfulness in relieving symptoms and enhancing the quality of life in IBS individuals.