Abstract
This literature review examines eight peer reviewed studies reporting on the efficacy of mindfulness-based and self-compassion-based interventions for adults diagnosed with substance use disorders. Prevalence of substance use disorders is provided, and relevant definitions are discussed. The syndrome model of addiction is advanced as an etiological explanation, and the search methodology described. Results of this literature review support mindfulness training as an effective intervention for substance use disorders. Only one study supporting self-compassion as an effective intervention for substance use disorders was reviewed so it is not possible at this time to make a judgment regarding the efficacy of that intervention. Limitations of this body of literature include attrition, unmatched treatment conditions, and lack of fidelity measures. Recommendations include more self-compassion research, more use of fidelity scales in intervention research, and greater use of mindfulness-based interventions in substance use disorder treatment.
Highlights
Substance use disorder as defined by The American Psychiatric Association (2013) is “A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems” (p. 483)
This review examines efficacy studies of self-compassion and mindfulness-based interventions for adults diagnosed with substance use disorders in order to determine if use of these interventions is supported by the evidence
This review found seven articles profiling mindfulness-based interventions with SUD, and one article reporting on the results of a self-compassion based intervention with SUD
Summary
Substance use disorder as defined by The American Psychiatric Association (2013) is “A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance-related problems” (p. 483). This review examines efficacy studies of self-compassion and mindfulness-based interventions for adults diagnosed with substance use disorders in order to determine if use of these interventions is supported by the evidence. According to Shaffer, et al (2004), in order for an individual to manifest substance use disorder, they need to have gathered more risk factors than protective factors from birth onward toward adolescence, when most substance use starts. During this pre-morbid stage, they pivot toward disorder due to the protection not outweighing the risk Self-compassion and mindfulness interventions may act as mediators between environmental risks and the individual helping them to manage their SUD symptomology more effectively
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