Mind-walking through Instagram: extracting the essences of Jakarta’s street vending

Street vending motherhood: Implications on childcare in Harare, Zimbabwe

Jimma town is one of the largest towns in South Western part of the country; it hosts significant amount of people who make their life through informal sectors in general and street vending in particular. This study was aimed at exploring the street vending activities in urban informal sector in Jimma town with particular reference to three streets with too much concentration of street vendors. The general objective of the study was to explore the existing condition of people engaged in street vending in urban informal sector. The specific objectives of the study are analyzing the socio-economic backgrounds of street vendors, the working conditions of the street vendors at their work settings, exploring the threats and risks faced by them and their managing strategies, the reason why they engaged in the activity of street vendors and analyzing the livelihood contribution of the activity to both the operators and the poor urban dwellers in the study area and the dilemma on street vending activity. Related literatures were reviewed and examined thoroughly to validate the study. The study was conducted in Jimma, western Ethiopia; because the researcher is familiar to the area and the research site is easily accessible than other towns and cities to the researcher. Three streets were purposefully selected. In addition to secondary data, in-depth-interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion and the personal observation of the researcher were used to address the specific objectives stated at the beginning of the study. This study has examined various aspects of the objectives stated and analyzed some aspects in relation to the literature and data collected regarding the contribution of street vending to the safety of the disadvantaged people in urban areas. Thus, some of the analysis include that the street vendors have low socio-economic status which resulted from low educational level and lack of adequate skill to get better employment, ethnic shifting of some activities (casual works and petty trades), the domination of youth in vending, participation of women who have more barriers to enter the formal sector. Some of the reasons for engaging in street vending for some people is because they consider it as a better option to low-wage employment and to supplement the income they get from the formal employment (low-wage earners), but the others are engaged in it due to acute poverty. Some of the vendors romanticize street vending as a vital occupation. They praise it for enhancement in their financial, human and social capital. Key words: Street vending, urbanization, informal sector, developing countries.

Cities are complicated ecosystems in which buildings are built and humans interact. Street vending, while sometimes spontaneous and unplanned, serves a crucial role in the urban fabric. Globally, there has been a surge of interest in understanding the dynamics of informal street vending, motivated by a desire to relieve economic inequalities. The goal of this research was to examine the factors that influence street vending activities based on economic disposition as a result of inadequate economic stability, a lack of formal jobs, and individual disengagement from the pursuit of western formal education. We take stock of this study to bring together the many kinds of street vending activities as an integral part of what is considered as liveability. The urban environment functions as an ecosystem, digesting materials, energy, and information while also supporting economic activity and human existence. The study begins with economic theories of street vending; while these activities are not controlled in Nigeria, they are woven into the urban fabric of socioeconomic status. The Cronbach's alpha of 0.861 and Cronbach's alpha based on standardised items of 0.856 suggest 100% validity and 90% reliability, respectively. The model fitting data yielded 93.917 at the 0.001** significance level. The results demonstrate that the model was appropriate for the investigation. Individuals engaged in vending activities to meet their daily and family necessities.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, street vending businesses faced severe disruptions, exacerbating poverty and livelihood challenges for vendors. The government's neglect of this sector has further intensified these issues, highlighting the need for a comprehensive analysis of the situation. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on street vendors in Kathmandu Valley. Specifically, it explores the relationships between poverty, unemployment, and street vending, and examines the role of migration as a mediating factor. Methods: An explanatory research design was employed, utilizing a non-probability convenience sampling technique to collect data from 202 street vendors. Data were gathered using KOBO Toolbox and a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied, with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) used to analyze relationships and impacts. Results: The analysis reveals a significant impact of poverty on unemployment among street vendors during the pandemic. Migration has a notable influence on street vending and unemployment, serving as a mediator between poverty and street vending activities. Domestic migration, in particular, has been pivotal in enhancing street vending in Kathmandu Valley. Conclusion: The study underscores the need for regulatory authorities at central, provincial, and local levels to develop a legal and political framework to support street vendors. Implementing such measures could significantly improve their status and mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic on their livelihoods. Paper Types: Research Paper Keywords: Poverty, Migration, Street vending, Informal sector, Structural Equation Modelling, Nepal JEL Classification: E26, O17

Revamping urban development policy and regulations. Making urban streets more accommodating for walkers and automobiles as they travel through city centers is susceptible to a variety of human activities in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the role of new technologies in altering street vending activities to increase people’s wages and reduce unemployment. Modernistic and socialist concepts of street vending for sustainable development were examined in this study. The study also discovered a link between current techniques for improving street vending and the social consciousness of street vendors, who thrive in the face of economic uncertainty. There is a need to strengthen and hybridise the significance and unprecedented street vending activities in most small towns and cities. The study revealed a strong correlation and statistical significance between modernisation and socialisation of street vending activities under a dynamic change of human economic situation. The coefficient determination 0.458*; 0.535** and 0.562 is significant at 0.001**; 0.002** and 0.011. The discovery supports local enterprises and societal transformations in the context of transportation planning. Stakeholders, decision-makers, future researchers, transportation planners, and other regulatory agencies will benefit from this research.

The study’s primary goal was to analyse the driving forces behind street vending operations and the difficulties they face in the targeted area. The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods, utilizing explanatory and descriptive designs in the technique. There was use of both primary and secondary data sources. Four government officials and 222 street businesses were chosen for the study using purposive sampling procedures. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. The study findings clearly display that economic and social factors have a significant influence on street vending in the study area. The study went on to look into the difficulties that street sellers in the study area deal with, including things like a lack of funding, a space to work, and credit availability. In conclusion, the study recommends that governments should develop a policy for street vending, fortify stakeholder interactions, and expand the capacity of street sellers when contemplating legalizing the practice and selecting a suitable place in urban centres.

Street vending is a global phenomenon in both developing and developed countries. While this activity is often framed through clashes between state policy and street vending activities, we argue that it would be a mistake for state actors and critics to ignore nuanced explanations of why street vendors do what they do despite the continuous tension around them. We draw on the case of Lilongwe, Malawi, and other cities in southern Africa, to discuss some observations that can better reflect on how street vending has become such a contentious space that even leads to violence. We conclude that there is a need for sensible urban planning that recognizes informality as a reality, addresses its potential and underlying danger, and redistributes the ordinary people’s struggle for spatial justice.

This study discusses the Implementation of Local Regulation Number 16 of 2014 regarding the Regulation and Empowerment of Street Vendors in Grobogan Regency. It is triggered by the rapid economic development in the region, which has resulted in a significant increase in the participation of street vendors in economic development efforts through street vending activities, which are increasingly popular among the people of Grobogan Regency. The study examines how the law enforcement is carried out on Local Regulation Number 16 of 2014 concerning the regulation and empowerment of street vendors in Grobogan Regency. Additionally, the research also highlights the sanctions imposed when street vendors violate these local regulations, and identifies the challenges faced by the Municipal Police officers in carrying out their duties to regulate street vendors. The research applies a normative juridical approach in its methodology with a descriptive analysis specification. Despite some challenges faced by the officers in the field, the law enforcement of Local Regulation Number 16 of 2014 regarding the Regulation and Empowerment of Street Vendors in Grobogan Regency continues to proceed in an orderly manner and can be overcome by field officers.

Street vendors contribute to the unique identity and vibrancy of cities influencing the social, economic, and cultural landscape. Often, street vendors conduct their informal businesses on the sidewalks, which are meant to be used by pedestrians. This leads to a conflict in public space use and a question of whether street vendors are contributing to the vibrancy of a city or creating a nuisance to pedestrians. This research, based on a survey of 819 pedestrians in Addis Ababa city, discusses walking experience of pedestrians in the presence of intensive street vending activities on the sidewalk. The survey includes questions about the comfort and safety of pedestrians while walking on the sidewalk with the presence of street vendors. 49.3% of surveyed pedestrians thought that mobile street vendors impeded their ability to walk without difficulty on the sidewalk. 77.8% of those surveyed felt great discomfort as street vendors took up too much space on the sidewalk. 66.3% of respondents felt unsafe around street vendors during the day while 67.3% felt safe at night when the volume of street vending is reduced. This highlights that while street vendors have significant socioeconomic and cultural benefits, if their presence on the street is beyond the critical mass, they draw a feeling of discomfort for pedestrians more than creating liveliness for the city.

Street food vendors are an integral part of the informal sector, which has made a significant contribution to urban activity in many developing countries and appears to be one of the important categories of informal economic activity. This study aims to determine whether the PPKM Level 4 policy implemented by the government affects food and beverage purchasing decisions at street vendors in the Jakarta area. This research method is quantitative research. The population in this study are people who buy food and beverages at street vendors in a number of traditional markets in the Jakarta area. The sampling technique in this research is non-probability sampling, namely incidental sampling of 100 samples. This research data is primary data. Data collection techniques with research questionnaires. Data analysis in this study is quantitative analysis by conducting tests starting with the classical assumption test research instrument consisting of normality test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test and simple linear regression analysis test. The results of this study obtained a regression coefficient of 0.255 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. It can be said that this research hypothesis is accepted because the PPKM Level 4 Application Variable (X) has a low positive effect on the Purchase Decision Variable (Y).

Street food vendors are an integral part of the informal sector, which has made a significant contribution to urban activity in many developing countries and appears to be one of the important categories of informal economic activity. This study aims to determine whether the PPKM Level 4 policy implemented by the government affects food and beverage purchasing decisions at street vendors in the Jakarta area. This research method is quantitative research. The population in this study are people who buy food and beverages at street vendors in a number of traditional markets in the Jakarta area. The sampling technique in this research is non-probability sampling, namely incidental sampling of 100 samples. This research data is primary data. Data collection techniques with research questionnaires. Data analysis in this study is quantitative analysis by conducting tests starting with the classical assumption test research instrument consisting of normality test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test and simple linear regression analysis test. The results of this study obtained a regression coefficient of 0.255 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. It can be said that this research hypothesis is accepted because the PPKM Level 4 Application Variable (X) has a low positive effect on the Purchase Decision Variable (Y).

By using a mixed-method approach, the study aims to understand the socio-economic impact of the lockdown and post-lockdown on the lives of women street vendors in Delhi. The results indicated that although restrictions have been eased in the post-lockdown phase, many women street vendors have lost the means to work and witnessed a significant fall in income/ earnings. Despite the loss in employment opportunities, many of them were not able to shift to alternative employment opportunities and continued with the same street-vending activities. The closure of market or vending areas and fear over the spread of COVID-19 have kept many customers away and thereby their income decreased significantly over the past six months. They also suffered an increase in inside household domestic work like cooking, cleaning and child care, in which they were helped mainly by female members of the house, particularly daughters or daughters-in-law. Among the other challenges were procuring essential food items in times of shortages, increased prices and rent payments. Many of them resorted to negative coping strategies such as taking out loans from moneylenders at a high-interest rate, which led them into a debt trap. Almost all the street vendorsreplied that the credit facility announced both by the central and state governments to achieve self-reliance is hardly beneficial because they are not in a position to repay the loan unless and until they can restart the business. So, it is highly recommended that the government should convert the credit facility into a direct income benefit as livelihood support. The government should also acknowledge the role played by street vending in alleviating urban poverty and malnutrition and ensure their right to vending with dignity and prevent them from falling prey to large-scale retailcapitalism and penetration of the online market.

The paper determines the status of street vending activities in the country, based on street vendors’ views, and compares the views before and after the 5th government. The paper uses a mixed methods research approach with a concurrent embedded design. Data were collected from September 2020 to February 2021 from 371 respondents from Dar es Salaam and Mwanza cities through proportionate Stratfied sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analysed by computing descriptive statistics and running a Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The findings indicated that street perceived themselves illegal before the 5th government and legal “but based on political pronouncements” from the 5th government onwards. It is concluded that street vending is currently tolerated but not legal in Tanzania. Thus, the central and local governments should enact a street vending legalisation policy to minimise future clashes between street vendors and para-military troops, when political pronouncements are revoked.

The number of street-food grows rapidly along with the flow of massive migrants into Bandung City. In accordance, the easy access into the city allows tourism industries to thrive largely and encourage people to have spots to escape from daily routines. By offering the diversity, the industry can persuade tourists to discover hidden gems of the city and present it as a valued object or leisure activity. This paper suggests the informal life of street vending that represents open, humble, and modest value, becoming a potency to fulfill tourism needs. This paper brings forward a finding gained from an ethnographic research on street vending activities in Bandung. At the end, this writing tries to contribute to a perspective toward street-food, as an economic activity phenomenon, in the realm of the tourism industry.

Informality has been, in one way, an urban economic issue and, on the other hand, a unique urban living in Indonesia, a potential for tourist attraction. The attraction to some extent emerges as the result of a continuous and dynamic process of spatial formation and reformation of the informal sectors and street vending activities, wherein customers and observers are part of the process itself. Utilizing N. J. Habraken’s theory, “The Structure of the Ordinary,” as a framework, this paper explores the way territorializing of the street vendors takes place. The case observed is the street vendor activities, particularly for the culinary and secondhand book stalls, along one of the popular streets in the heart of Bandung City, the Cikapundung Street.