Abstract
With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, the demand for reliable positioning results is urgent. Currently, the ground vehicles heavily depend on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) providing reliable and continuous navigation solutions. In dense urban areas, especially narrow streets with tall buildings, the GNSS signals are possibly blocked by the surrounding tall buildings, and under this condition, the geometry distribution of the in-view satellites is very poor, and the None-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) and Multipath (MP) heavily affects the positioning accuracy. Further, the INS positioning errors will quickly diverge over time without the GNSS correction. Aiming at improving the position accuracy under signal challenging environment, in this paper, we developed an MIMU(Micro Inertial Measurement Unit)/Odometer integration system with vehicle state constraints (MO-C) for improving the vehicle positioning accuracy without GNSS. MIMU/Odometer integration model and the constrained measurements are given in detail. Several field tests were carried out for evaluating and assessing the MO-C system. The experiments were divided into two parts, firstly, field testing with data post-processing and real-time processing was carried out for fully assessing the performance of the MO-C system. Secondly, the MO-C was implemented in the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System (BDS)/integrated navigation system (INS) for evaluating the MO-C performance during the BDS signal outage. The MIMU standalone positioning accuracy was compared with that from the MIMU/Odometer integration (MO), MO-C and MIMU with constraints (M-C) for assessing the Odometer, and the influence of the constraint on the positioning errors reduction. The results showed that the latitude and longitude errors could be suppressed with Odometer assisting, and the height errors were suppressed while the state constraints were included.
Highlights
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) with complete automatic operation are regarded as the most promising technology to be available in the near future [1,2]
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) works by relying on the geometry distribution of the in-view satellites and signal quality, if the satellite signals are blocked by the surrendered buildings or obstacles, the GNSS will fail to generate precise positioning results [5]
We developed an MEMS-Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)/odometer integration navigation system considering the vehicle state constraints (MO-C)
Summary
Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) with complete automatic operation are regarded as the most promising technology to be available in the near future [1,2]. Precise and reliable position and navigation information are fundamental for the autonomous driving vehicles [3]. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) are the most popular solutions for providing comparatively reliable positioning information [4]. The GNSS works by relying on the geometry distribution of the in-view satellites and signal quality, if the satellite signals are blocked by the surrendered buildings or obstacles, the GNSS will fail to generate precise positioning results [5]. Under this condition, the INS could provide moderate navigation solutions in a short time. Due to the complex noises contained in the raw measurements from the gyroscope and accelerometer, the INS errors will accumulate quickly over time [4,5,6]
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