Abstract
A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed for fifth generation (5G) and fourth generation (4G) mobile communication. The design meets all of the requirements of both 5G and 4G antennas using only a single structure. Since 5G will work at millimeter-wave (mm-Wave), the proposed design serves triple bands at mm-Wave (28, 37 and 39 GHz) for 5G in addition to 2 GHz band (1.8–2.6) for 4G. Each MIMO element consists of a slot-based antenna, fed by two microstrip feeders for the 5G and 4G bands. The design works as a tapered slot antenna at mm-Wave offering end-fire radiation for 5G and works as an open-ended slot antenna for a 2 GHz band offering omni-direction radiation for 4G. The slot antenna type used in the proposed design produces wide bandwidths for the 5G and 4G. The overall volume of each MIMO antenna element is $0.21\times 0.10 \times 0.003\,\,\lambda ^{3}$ , where $\lambda $ is the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. As a proof of concept, a prototype is developed and tested. The measured results show a wide impedance bandwidth of $|S_{11}| −10 dB covering the band 27.5–40 GHz for 5G, and impedance bandwidth of $|S_{11}| −6 dB covering the band 1.8–2.6 GHz for 4G.
Highlights
Multiple -input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems are seen as a key technology for an upcoming fifth generation (5G) and the existing fourth generation (4G) mobile antenna system to enhance the data rate [1]–[4]
It is assumed that the 3D power distribution function is defined as a Gaussian for elevation plane while uniform for azimuth plane, and the cross polarization ratio (XPR) is equal to 2 dB, the Mean Effective Gain (MEG) remains about −4.5 dB with the variation of less than 1 dB for all MIMO antenna elements at both frequency bands meaning that the proposed design has acceptable MIMO performance
The proposed design is compared with other MIMO antenna systems in terms of the integration of 5G and 4G in the same structure, supporting millimeter wave band (mm-Wave) band, MIMO element size, bandwidth, realized gain, isolation, and user’s hand or head effects
Summary
Multiple -input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems are seen as a key technology for an upcoming fifth generation (5G) and the existing fourth generation (4G) mobile antenna system to enhance the data rate [1]–[4]. A number of promising 5G (above 6-GHz) and 4G (sub-3 GHz) MIMO systems exist, which utilize separate antenna structures for 5G and 4G [15], [16], or a single large antenna footprint with multiple bands [9]. Al Abbas et al.: MIMO Antenna System for Multi-Band Millimeter-Wave 5G and Wideband 4G Mobile Communications Those reported designs either do not support the mm-Wave frequency band 5G [2], [9]–[15] or require extra space from the scarce real estate of the mobile terminal [16]. An integrated 4-element 5G/4G MIMO antenna system using a novel, single antenna structure is presented It works at triple bands (28, 37 and 39 GHz) for 5G and the wideband (1.8-2.6 GHz) for 4G.
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