Mimicking the First Turn of an α-Helix with an Unnatural Backbone: Conformation-Specific IR and UV Spectroscopy of Cyclically Constrained β/γ-Peptides

Abstract

The folding preferences of two capped, constrained β/γ-dipeptide isomers, Ac-βACPC-γACHC-NHBn and Ac-γACHC-βACPC-NHBn, (designated βγ and γβ, respectively), have been investigated using single- and double-resonance ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy in the gas phase. These capped β/γ-dipeptides have the same number of backbone atoms between their N- and C-termini as a capped α-tripeptide and thus serve as a minimal structural unit on which to test their ability to mimic the formation of the first turn of an α-helix. Resonant two-photon ionization and UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy were performed in the S0-S1 region, revealing the presence of three unique conformations of βγ and a single conformation of γβ. Resonant ion-dip infrared spectra were obtained in the NH stretch region from 3300 to 3500 cm(-1) and in both the amide I and amide II regions from 1400 to 1800 cm(-1). These infrared spectra were compared to computational predictions from density functional theory calculations at the M05-2X/6-31+G(d) level, leading to assignments for the observed conformations. Two unique bifurcated C8/C13 H-bonded ring structures for βγ and a single bifurcated C9/C13 H-bonded ring structure for γβ were observed. In all cases, the H-bonding patterns faithfully mimic the first full turn of an α-helix, most notably by containing a 13-membered H-bonded cycle but also by orienting the interior amide group so that it is poised to engage in a second C13 H-bond as the β/γ-peptide lengthens in size. The structural characteristics of the β/γ-peptide version of the 13-helix turn are compared with the α-helix counterpart and with a reported crystal structure for a longer β/γ-peptide oligomer.