Abstract
This paper proposes an Energy Management System (EMS) for domestic PV-battery applications with the aim of reducing the absolute net energy exchange with the utility grid by utilizing the two days-ahead energy forecasts in the optimization process. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) exploits two days-ahead energy demand and PV generation forecasts to schedule the day-ahead battery energy exchange with both the utility grid and the PV generator. The proposed scheme is tested using the real data of the Active Office Building (AOB) located in Swansea University, UK. Performance comparisons with state-of-the-art and the commercial EMS currently running at the AOB reveal that the proposed EMS increases the self-consumption of PV energy and at the same time reduces the total energy cost. The absolute net energy exchange with the grid and the total operating costs are reduced by 121% and 54% compared to the state-of-the-art and 194% and 8% when compared to the commercial EMS over a six-month period. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed method can reduce the energy bill by up to 46% for the same period compared to the state-of-the-art. The paper also investigates the effect of using different objective functions on the performance of the EMS and shows that the proposed EMS operate more efficiently when it is compared with another cost function that directly promotes reducing the absolute net energy exchange.
Highlights
Decarbonization and limited resources of fossil fuels have increased the demand for integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as PV systems, especially for domestic applications [1]
The generation tariff in the UK has reduced from more than 54 p/kWh in 2010 to 3.79 p/kWh in 2019 [3], when the FIT has been replaced by the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) scheme
AND DISCUSSION the performance of the proposed Energy Management System (EMS) is compared with a recent published work [1] and the EMS that is currently used in the Active Office Building (AOB)
Summary
Decarbonization and limited resources of fossil fuels (used in conventional power generation plants) have increased the demand for integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as PV systems, especially for domestic applications [1]. Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) initiatives were introduced in several regions for small-scale-based RESs connected to the utility grid. In several countries like the UK, incentives have reduced, encouraging a selfconsumption approach. The generation tariff (part of the FIT) in the UK has reduced from more than 54 p/kWh in 2010 to 3.79 p/kWh in 2019 [3], when the FIT has been replaced by the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) scheme. The SEG requires some electricity suppliers to pay small-scale generators between 2 p/kWh and 5.6 p/kWh for their low-carbon electricity which they export to the grid [4]. Many countries such as the UK and Germany have already enforced some other measures to limit the surplus PV energy injection to the utility grid [5] to encourage the self-consumption approach. The main characteristic of this new trend is the minimization of the net energy exchange between the prosumer (producer + consumer) and the grid [6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
