Abstract
Echolocating bats possess remarkable capability of multitarget spatial localization and micromotion sensing in a full field of view (FFOV) even in cluttered environments. Artificial technologies with such capability are highly desirable for various fields. However, current techniques such as visual sensing and laser scanning suffer from numerous fundamental problems. Here, we develop a bioinspired concept of millimeter-wave (mmWave) full-field micromotion sensing, creating a unique mmWave Bat (“mmWBat”), which can map and quantify tiny motions spanning macroscopic to μm length scales of full-field targets simultaneously and accurately. In mmWBat, we show that the micromotions can be measured via the interferometric phase evolution tracking from range-angle joint dimension, integrating with full-field localization and tricky clutter elimination. With our approach, we demonstrate the capacity to solve challenges in three disparate applications: multiperson vital sign monitoring, full-field mechanical vibration measurement, and multiple sound source localization and reconstruction (radiofrequency microphone). Our work could potentially revolutionize full-field micromotion monitoring in a wide spectrum of applications, while may inspiring novel biomimetic wireless sensing systems.
Highlights
Bats are arguably the most unusual mammal with a remarkable capability of ultrasonic echolocation, enabling them to perceive the environment and preys in complete darkness [1]
It is worth noting that tiny motions are widespread from the natural world to engineering, including heartbeat and bridge vibrations, which carry a wealth of meaningful physical information [10,11,12]
To illustrate the versatility and appealing advantages of the mmWave Bat (mmWBat), we demonstrate three disparate applications from biology to engineering: multiperson vital sign monitoring, full-field mechanical vibration measurement, and multiple sound source localization and recovery
Summary
Bats are arguably the most unusual mammal with a remarkable capability of ultrasonic echolocation, enabling them to perceive the environment and preys in complete darkness [1]. Research conditions and highly dynamic motion visualization Laserbased approaches, such as the laser Doppler vibrometer, commonly require scanning to achieve planar or spatial micromotion information, which limits measurement synchronization. Inspired by echolocating bats in terms of micromotion spatial localization and sensing, we have developed a concept of millimeter-wave (mmWave) full-field micromotion sensing (MFMS), a method for noncontact imaging and monitoring tiny motions in FFOV. We refer to this concept as mmWave Bat (mmWBat), which transmits and receives mmWave signals instead of ultrasonic wave signals, allowing artificial system miniaturization and has a large monitoring range. Our work provides a revolutionary approach for full-field micromotion monitoring in various fields, while offering new perspectives for mmWave sensing as well as potentially inspiring novel biomimetic wireless sensing systems based on an understanding of the perception mechanisms used by echolocating mammals
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