Millennials vs Boomers: Asymmetric Realistic & Symbolic Threat Patterns Drive Generational Tensions

Abstract

Conflict between Millennials and Baby Boomers appears frequently in public discourse. However, some have argued that these tensions are just media-generated controversy. We build on intergroup threat theory to explore the strength and nature of these tensions in three online studies: an exploratory survey, a preregistered correlational study, and a preregistered intervention (N = 1,714). We find that: (i) Millennials and Baby Boomers do express more animosity toward one another than toward other generations (Studies 1-3); (ii) whereas hostility toward Baby Boomers derives primarily from Millennials’ economic distress (realistic threat), Baby Boomers' hostility toward Millennials reflects fears of shifting worldviews (symbolic threat; Studies 2-3); (iii) highlighting the artificiality of generational labels reduces perceived threats and indirectly elicits more favorable outgroup attitudes (Study 3). These findings suggest that intergenerational tensions are real, rooted in asymmetrical concerns over symbolic versus realistic resources, and responsive to intervention.