Abstract
The cultivation of olive trees is expanding in Brazil, mainly in Rio Grande do Sul in order to meet the demand for olive oil, the main product of the industrialization of olives. However, from the extraction, there is a significant generation of waste. This residue has high moisture and an appropriate destination is necessary given its environmental and economic importance. The chemical composition of the residue is similar to other products used in animal feed, such as corn silage or sorghum, in relation to DM, CP and NDF, the differential being high levels of EE and ADL. In order to evaluate the replacement of corn silage by the extraction residue of olive oil (olive pomace), eight Holstein dairy cow, between 90 and 100 days of lactation, were used, making a double Latin square (4x4). Analyzes were made regarding animals, feed and milk product in order to verify the feasibility of the substitution. The inclusion of olive pomace, conserved as silage, to replace corn silage, in the diet of lactating cows up to 15% (dry basis) does not alter milk production, as well as its composition and feed efficiency.
Highlights
The olive trees cultivation (Oleaeuropaea L.) and the olive oil industry play an important social and economic role in several counties, especially in the Mediterranean ones and in countries with similar weather (Berbel & Posadillo, 2018), and it has been growing in Brazil, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Sul
The fruits are brought to the processing, the leaves and branches are removed and later the fruits are taken for the washing, removing any impurity that could compromise the hygiene, after that they are sent to the grinder, where grinding is done with stainless steel hammers
The ingredients used in the diets and the refusals were submitted to chemical analysis to determine dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 1996), (Methods 967.03, 942.05, 954.05 and 920.39 respectively), neutral detergent fiber using thermostable α-amylase, but without the use of sodium sulfite, corrected for ash and acid detergent lignin (ADL) according to Van Soest, Robertson and Lewis (1991)
Summary
The olive trees cultivation (Oleaeuropaea L.) and the olive oil industry play an important social and economic role in several counties, especially in the Mediterranean ones and in countries with similar weather (Berbel & Posadillo, 2018), and it has been growing in Brazil, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Studies carried out with residue from the olive oil extraction in the feeding of lactating ruminants are scarce and show different ways of obtaining (pressing, centrifuging with two or three phases) and processing (partial or total presence or absence of stone, wet or dehydrated), with variable results It is observed in the experiments performed with sheep (Chiofalo, Liotta, Zumbo, & Chiofalo, 2004; Abbeddou, Rischkowsky, Richter, Hess, & Kreuzer, 2011), goats (Molina-Alcaide & Yañez-Ruiz, 2008; Keles, YildizAkgul, & Kocaman, 2017), buffaloes (Terramoccia et al, 2013), camels (Faye et al, 2013), and with cows (Castellani et al, 2017; Vargas-Bello-Pérez et al, 2018).The controversial results are, probably, derived from the animal species and the characteristics and level of the residue used. We aim evaluate the effect of different levels of olive pomace, obtained by two-stage centrifugal extraction, conserved in the form of silage, replacing corn silage, in lactation cow diets on performance production and chemical composition of the milk produced
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