Milk Polar Lipids Supplementation to Obese Rats During Pregnancy and Lactation Benefited Skeletal Outcomes of Male Offspring.

Abstract

Dietary intervention to obese dams during pregnancy and lactation period provides avenues for improving metabolic profiles of the offspring. In the current study, the effects of polar lipids-enriched milk fat globule membrane (MFGM-PL) supplementation to obese dams during pregnancy and lactation on the skeletal outcomes of male offspring are investigated. MFGM-PL is supplemented to obese rats induced by high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation at a dose of 400mg kg-1 body weight. Results show that maternal MFGM-PL supplementation significantly ameliorates the stunted skeletal growth of male offspring at weaning. In adulthood offspring, maternal MFGM-PL supplementation protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone microstructure degeneration and bone marrow adipocyte accumulation. Further investigation shows that maternal supplementation of MFGM-PL significantly ameliorates insulin resistance and increases the mRNA expression of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) in the hypothalamus of HFD offspring. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis is subsequently enhanced in MFGM-PL + HFD offspring, contributing to the beneficial skeletal outcomes. The findings suggest that maternal MFGM-PL supplementation of HFD dam during pregnancy and lactation shows desirable effects on fetal skeletal development, with lasting beneficial programming impacts on skeletal outcomes of offspring.