Abstract
BackgroundBuffalo milk is rich in various nutritional components and bioactive substances that provide more essential health benefits to human body. Recently, exosome identified in the breast milk has been reported as a neotype nutrient and can mediate intercellular communication with exosomal miRNAs. In the present study, we therefore hypothesized that exosome-derived miRNAs from buffalo milk would play the potential physiological importance of consumption of buffalo milk.ResultsWe isolated exosomes from buffalo and cow milk samples that were obtained at mid-lactation period, and the exosomal miRNA profiles were then generated using miRNA-seq. In addition, miRNAomes of pig, human and panda milk exosomes were downloaded from GEO database. Finally, a total of 27 milk exosomal miRNA profiles that included 4 buffalo, 4 cow, 8 pig, 4 human and 7 panda were analyzed using the miRDeep2 program. A total of 558 unique miRNA candidates existed across all species, and the top 10 highly expressed miRNA were evolutionarily conserved across multiple species. Functional analysis revealed that these milk enriched miRNAs targeted 400 putative sites to modulate disease resistance, immune responsiveness and basic metabolism events. In addition, a total of 32 miRNAs in buffalo milk were significantly up-regulated compared with non-buffalo milks, while 16 were significantly down-regulated. Of interest, functional analysis showed that up-regulated miRNAs were mainly related to host metabolism processes, while the predicted functions of down-regulated miRNAs were enriched in immune response.ConclusionIn this study, we explored the exosomal miRNAome differences between milks of different animals, expanding the theoretical basis for potential applications of the miRNA-containing vesicles.
Highlights
Buffalo milk is rich in various nutritional components and bioactive substances that provide more essential health benefits to human body
Previous report showed that human breast milk exosomes with immune modulatory features were important for the development of the infant’s immune system [8]
We hypothesized that buffalo milk exosomes provided novel information on miRNA composition differing from other types of nonbuffalo milks, and highlighted the unrealized physiological importance of exosomes on drinking behaviour
Summary
Buffalo milk is rich in various nutritional components and bioactive substances that provide more essential health benefits to human body. Exosome identified in the breast milk has been reported as a neotype nutrient and can mediate intercellular communication with exosomal miRNAs. In the present study, we hypothesized that exosome-derived miRNAs from buffalo milk would play the potential physiological importance of consumption of buffalo milk. Buffalo milk has received increasing research interest and investment in various countries, owing mainly to its attractive nutrient. Previous report showed that human breast milk exosomes with immune modulatory features were important for the development of the infant’s immune system [8]. We hypothesized that buffalo milk exosomes provided novel information on miRNA composition differing from other types of nonbuffalo milks, and highlighted the unrealized physiological importance of exosomes on drinking behaviour
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