Abstract
SummarySeveral milestones in the systemic treatment of lung cancer have been reached. Combination chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer was the first of these milestones. The establishment of palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer was another important milestone. Targeted therapies with angiogenesis inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, and ALK inhibitors also advanced treatment. The clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors was the latest milestone.
Highlights
A rare disease in 1900, lung cancer has become the most common cancer worldwide because of the smoking epidemic of the twentieth century
While lung cancer has been classified as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for many decades, the 2015 classification of lung cancer mandates further subclassification by means of immunohistochemical and molecular analyses in routine clinical practice [2]
The Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation (LACE) meta-analysis, which was based on 4,584 patients from five cisplatinbased chemotherapy trials (ALPI-EORTC, IALT, JBR10, ANITA, Big Lung Trial), confirmed the survival benefit with a hazard ratio of 0.89 for adjuvant chemotherapy which translates into a survival benefit of 5.3% ± 1.6% at 5 years [12]
Summary
Received: 7 November 2016 / Accepted: 18 January 2017 / Published online: 6 February 2017. Summary Several milestones in the systemic treatment of lung cancer have been reached. Combination chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer was the first of these milestones. The establishment of palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer and of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer was another important milestone. Targeted therapies with angiogenesis inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, and ALK inhibitors advanced treatment. The clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors was the latest milestone. Keywords Palliative chemotherapy · Adjuvant chemotherapy · Targeted therapy · Immune checkpoint inhibitors
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