Abstract
ABSTRACT.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a widely studied concept that has changed over time. Epidemiology, diagnosis, costs, prognostics, screening procedures, and categorization have been extensively discussed. However, unified guidelines are still not available, especially considering differences between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries (HIC).Objectives: To contextualize and identify the main areas under investigation regarding MCI diagnosis and to investigate how much of the current knowledge is compatible with the diagnosis in an LMIC.Methods: This brief review followed the framework outlined for a scoping review and goes through the history of MCI and its diagnosis, the differences and relevance of LMIC research regarding the concept, and the current criteria for diagnosis.Results: Results show that the unique characteristics of LMIC influence the development of cognitive decline and how suitable procedures suggested by HIC can be used by LMIC to identify pathological aging processes in their early stages.Conclusion: Neuropsychological assessment of activities of daily living performance, considering the difference between omission and commission errors, is a more accessible course of action as a screening procedure for cognitive decline in LMIC.
Highlights
The latest United Nations World Population Aging Reports[1,2] raised important issues about global aging
It is imperative to (1) contextualize and identify the main areas under investigation regarding Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis and (2) investigate how much of the current knowledge is compatible with the diagnosis in an low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) context, which were the aims of this brief review
Considering the original criteria proposed by Petersen,[6] the diagnosis is made on the basis of a cognitive decline complaint verified by clinical analyses, such as neuropsychological assessment
Summary
The latest United Nations World Population Aging Reports[1,2] raised important issues about global aging. The cognitive decline caused by neurodegenerative disorders is one of them.[3] Such disorders cause extensive disability in the long term, and no or few treatments are available For this reason, these disorders, grouped under the term dementia, today are a considerable economic and public health challenge.[3] Worldwide, the global costs of dementia are increasing and went from US$ 604 billion in 2010 to US$ 818 billion in 2015.4 In 2017, the mean value of care was estimated to be US$ 321,780 per person with dementia, more than two times the health expenses of older adults without the condition.[5]. It is imperative to (1) contextualize and identify the main areas under investigation regarding MCI diagnosis and (2) investigate how much of the current knowledge is compatible with the diagnosis in an LMIC context, which were the aims of this brief review
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