Mild acute kidney injury is associated with increased mortality after cardiac surgery in patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2

Abstract

Background: A small increase in serum creatinine after cardiac surgery has been associated with increased mortality. However, it is unclear whether this association varies with baseline renal function. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on 1359 patients who underwent cardiac surgery over a 4-year period in two tertiary care hospitals including demographic data, comorbid conditions, and intra- and postoperative complications using a standardized form. We followed patients for 90 days postoperatively and death rates and length of hospital stay were noted. Results: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery was 40.2%. Patients were grouped into terciles based on change in serum creatinine. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis showed that the development of AKI with a small increase in serum creatinine of more than 0.3 mg/dL from baseline (tercile 3) was associated with a higher risk of mortality within 90 days and 7 days longer hospitalization following a cardiac surgery. Stratified analysis showed that only patients with baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m had fivefold higher mortality with rise of serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dL. Conclusions: Patients with baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had increased risk of mortality after cardiac surgery with a small increase in serum creatinine whereas a similar increase in serum creatinine in those with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 did not increase mortality.