Abstract
Nowadays, the rapidly growing population, climate change, and environment pollution put heavy pressure on fresh water resources. The atmosphere is the immense worldwide and available water source. The Adsorptive Water Harvesting from the Atmosphere (AWHA) method is considered a promising alternative to desalination technologies for remote arid regions. The development of novel adsorbents with advanced water-adsorption properties is a prerequisite for practical realization of this method. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of porous crystalline solids that bring a great potential for AWHA due to their extremely high specific surface area, porosity, and tailored adsorption properties. This work addresses MIL-160 as a water adsorbent for AWHA. The water-adsorption equilibrium of MIL-160 was studied by volumetric method, the isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated, and finally, the potential of MIL-160 for AWHA was evaluated for climatic conditions of the deserts of Saudi Arabia, Mongolia, the Sahara, Atacama, and Mojave as reference arid regions. MIL-160 was shown to ensure a maximum specific water productivity of 0.31–0.33 gH2O/gads per cycle. High fractions of water extracted (0.90–0.98) and collected (0.48–0.97) could be achieved at a regeneration temperature of 80 °C with natural cooling of the condenser by ambient air. The specific energy consumption for water production varied from 3.5 to 6.8 kJ/g, which is acceptable if solar heat is used to drive the desorption. The AWHA method employing MIL-160 is a promising way to achieve a fresh water supply in remote arid areas.
Highlights
Climate change leading to the desertification of a vast area, environmental pollution, and a rapidly growing world population make the fresh water supply one of the major issues of our time [1]
MIL-160 was synthesized by a hydrothermal method according to a slightly modified procedure described in [42]. 2,5-furandircaboxilic acid (4.680 g, 30 mmol, >99%), AlCl3 ·6H2 O (7.240 g, 30 mmol), and NaOH (1.212 g, 30 mmol) were dissolved in distilled
TheStructure textureCharacterization characteristics of Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)-801 determined from the N2 sorption isotherm
Summary
Climate change leading to the desertification of a vast area, environmental pollution, and a rapidly growing world population make the fresh water supply one of the major issues of our time [1]. The worldwide resources of fresh water are quite abundant (1·105 km3 ), most parts of them are in the form of hard-to-reach glaciers and deep underground water. The rest (rivers, lakes, and shallow underground water) is distributed very unevenly, which puts enormous pressure on water resources in arid regions. 1.5 billion people are facing portable water scarcity, and by 2025 this number is expected to grow to 3 billion. The most water-scarce regions include North Africa, the Near and Middle East, Northern China, India, Eastern Australia, Mexico, northeastern Brazil, and the west coast of South America [2,3]
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