Abstract
Carotenoids are micronutrients that fish really need. Carotenoids are organic pigments that naturally occur in plants and some photosynthetic organisms such as algae, some fungi and bacteria. Carotene, which is an unsaturated hydrocarbon such as lycopene, α and β carotene; and oxygen-containing xanthophylls such as lutein, astaxanthin and cantaxanthin. Compared to plants (such as algae, fungi, and higher plants) which can synthesize carotenoids, animals are very dependent on the pigment they get through food. Carotenoids are useful for coloring ornamental fish and pigmentation in the muscle of consumption fish, so they are called coloring agents. Carotenoids are also involved in improving the immune system and reproductive capacity
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