MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE: VOLUMES, REASONS, CONSEQUENCES

Abstract

Introduction. Ukrainian migration is caused by the influence of global migration trends, however, it should be noted that there are internal causes in the country – crisis socio-economic factors and military conflicts that force citizens to seek residence and employment abroad. The dynamics of the population of Ukraine is studied, probable scenarios of its reduction are analyzed, it is established that one of the key problems of such situation is growing volumes of external labor migration caused by instability of social and economic environment, decrease of well-being and quality of life. The subject of the research is migration processes in Ukraine, determination of their volumes, reasons and probable consequences. The purpose of the study is to conduct a thorough study of the impact of migration processes on the economy of Ukraine; identification of probable demographic changes, reasons and main trends in the growth of external labor migration. Method (methodology). In the process of research in order to substantiate the provisions presented in the article, a set of general scientific and special methods was used: analysis and synthesis – to compare the main approaches to the interpretation of concepts and methods of determining the volume of labor migration; comparison and grouping – to assess the level of wages in Ukraine and EU countries; graphical method – to visualize the result of determining the amount of population decline and the number of citizens who have received residence permits in the EU-28; abstract – for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. Results. It is established that the main reason for the rapid decline of the population of Ukraine should be considered the growing volume of external migration, which poses a threat to socio-economic development and national security. At the same time, it should be noted that the main reason for the growth of external labor migration is economic and related to the desires and intentions of migrant workers to earn more, that is why the main migration flows are directed to countries with higher levels of development and quality of life. In addition, it should be noted that a number of European countries encourage Ukrainians to work, as evidenced it may be mentioned the annual increase in the number of issued residence permits in the EU-28.