Abstract
Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. In this regard, there are reports regarding the side effect and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The main aim of this research was to study the migration of silver and copper nanoparticles from the packaging to the food matrix as well as the assessment techniques. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results. Reports indicated that studies on the migration of Ag/Cu nanoparticles do not agree with each other, but almost all studies agree that the migration of these nanoparticles is higher in acidic environments. There are widespread ambiguities about the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity, so understanding these nanoparticles and their toxic effects are essential. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. Therefore, more research needs to be done on the development of food packaging coatings with consideration given to the main parameters affecting nanoparticles migration.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
dynamic light scattering (DLS) has been widely employed in studying the size distribution of NPs in colloidal suspensions in the nano- or submicrometer ranges before embedding the NPs in films or coating
Compared to the AgNPs, CuNPs showed an enhanced dissolution rate from the coating as a result of their smaller size, which was reported as one of the vital reasons for higher migration [99]. Liu and her colleagues studied the migration of CuNPs from copper-coated films via simulants including acetic acid (3%) and ethanol (10%) by GFAAS and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Food packaging is at the heart of the modern food industry, and most products are packaged. Good packaging prevents food from being wasted as well as contaminated and ensures that the food maintains its desired quality throughout storage and consumption. Given the importance and key role that packaging plays, often at best, the packaging industry leads to a serious waste of resources and a threat to the environment. If the goal of feeding 9 billion people worldwide is to be achieved, the quality and quantity of food packaging must increase significantly [1]
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