Migration of bisphenol A from epoxy-can malt drink under various storage conditions and evaluation of its health risk

Abstract

ABSTRACT Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a notable endocrine disrupting chemical and a core raw material utilised in the manufacture of some food contact materials such as epoxy resin and polycarbonate (PC) plastics. The human health risk (HRI) associated with the migration of BPA into malt drinks packaged in epoxy-cans and stored under various conditions was investigated. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract BPA, while analysis was performed with a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The health risk index was used to assess the likelihood of developing chronic non-carcinogenic health risk among consumers of epoxy-can malt drink. Results showed BPA concentrations at 3.98 ± 0.05°C, 25.34 ± 0.70°C and 30.98 ± 0.27°C range from 0.0166 to 0.0300 μg L−1, 0.0188 to 0.0788 μg L−1 and 0.0217 to 0.2131 μg L−1 respectively. BPA levels in the samples did not exceed the European Union limit (50 μg kg−1). Enrichment levels of BPA in samples stored at 30.98 ± 0.27°C were highest, while that at 3.98 ± 0.05°C samples were the least. Initial migration rate of BPA at 3.98 ± 0.05°C and 25.34 ± 0.70°C decreased with increasing exposure duration, and later maintained a mildly constant rate at longer exposure duration. However, at 30.98 ± 0.27°C, BPA migration rates decreased initially with increase in exposure duration, and increased later at prolonged exposure. Although BPA concentrations showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) at the study’s storage conditions, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in BPA migration rates. The computed chronic non-carcinogenic health risk for daily ingestion of malt drink contaminated with BPA by both adults and children was less than one indicating no probable adverse health effect from consumption of the malt drink.