Abstract
This article examines the problem of why ethnic migration stimulates the formation of settlement patterns and how the construction of these settlement patterns is. By using the critical historical method, the results show that the city of Langsa was an “open” city since its inception and the most accessible in Aceh during the New Order Era. In New Order Era, through the transmigration program, facilitated an increasing flow of migration, thus increasing the number of Javanese ethnics who migrated in the area. Most of the migration was mainly driven by economic aspect. Langsa and its surrounding areas since colonial times have grown and developed into centers of economic activity. There several strategic commodities in Langsa, namely pepper, coffee, and mining. Ethnic groups who migrated in Langsa, among others; Aceh Sigli, Aceh Tamiang, Java, Minang, Batak, Chinese, and others where they tend to maintain their ethnic identity. From the various ethnicities, some of them, such as Acehnese, Minang, Javanese, and Chinese, then construct settlement patterns according to their respective ethnic backgrounds. This is reflected in the names of settlements such as Sukajadi Kebun Ireng, Gedubung Jawa, and Asem Peutik are settlements of Javanese ethnicity.
Highlights
Several Several researchers pay considerable attention to ethnic migration and the formation of new space; for instance, Zukin points out the role of ethnic diversity in shaping places and spaces and relates it to the tendency to modify cosmopolitan lifestyles and turn them into a vital resource for urban prosperity and growth [1]
Langsa was known for its ethnic diversity, reflected in the establishment of new settlements after the arrival of Javanese people who migrated as plantation and mining workers
This paper aims to; 1) identify the process of migration of several ethnic groups that took place massively in Langsa during the New Order; 2) describe the pattern of settlements based on ethnic background; and 3) analyze the relationship between ethnic migration and settlement patterns with ethnic backgrounds in Langsa, East Aceh
Summary
Several Several researchers pay considerable attention to ethnic migration and the formation of new space; for instance, Zukin points out the role of ethnic diversity in shaping places and spaces and relates it to the tendency to modify cosmopolitan lifestyles and turn them into a vital resource for urban prosperity and growth [1]. Jock Collins and Patrick Kunz investigated how ethnicity shapes public spaces in four ethnic precincts in Sydney, namely Chinatown, Little Italy, Auburn (Little Turkey) and Cabramatta (‘Vietnamatta’) It demonstrates the significant role of immigrant entrepreneurs in the emergence of the ethnic economy in general and ethnic precincts in particular in the cosmopolitan city [2]. Langsa was known for its ethnic diversity, reflected in the establishment of new settlements after the arrival of Javanese people who migrated as plantation and mining workers. The politics of "economic exploitation" imposed by the Dutch colonial government through plantations and mining operations in the early twentieth century was the main factor for the arrival of Javanese ethnicity to the East Aceh region. The economic motive to improve livelihoods has been a primary reason for the migration of members of an ethnic group
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