Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that plays an important role in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and regulates immune responses against M.tb pathogen. MIF -173 G > C gene polymorphism may affect immunity in an individual and leads to susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). A large number of studies have investigated the relevance of this polymorphism with TB risk, but their results were inconclusive. To obtain a precise conclusion, a meta-analysis was performed by retrieving six eligible studies from Google Scholar, PubMed (Medline), and EMBASE online databases. Overall combined analysis suggested increased TB risk between MIF -173 G > C polymorphism and overall risk in four genetic models, i.e., allelic (C vs. G: p = 0.001; OR = 1.517, 95% CI = 1.312 to 1.753), homozygous (CC vs. GG: p = 0.026; OR = 1.874, 95% CI = 1.079 to 3.257), heterozygous (GC vs. GG: p = 0.001; OR = 1.542, 95% CI = 1.273 to 1.868) and dominant model (CC + GC vs. GG: p = 0.001; OR = 1.631, 95% CI = 1.362 to 1.955). Similarly, increased TB risk was observed in subgroup analysis of Asian ethnicity. No publication bias was observed. These results suggested that MIF -173 G > C variant is a significant risk factor for TB in overall and in Asian populations, and can be used as prognostic marker for TB susceptibility.
Highlights
According to the literature search strategy applied in this study, as stated in the methodology section, six articles[13,14,15,16,17,18] were found relevant showing migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173 G > C polymorphism and occurrence of TB, and found eligible for inclusion in the current meta-analysis
The major characteristics of all the six studies incorporated in this pooled study, i.e., distributions of genotypes, minor allele frequency (MAF) in the controls and cases, have been shown in Tables 1 and 2
Evidences indicated that host genetic factors may play an important role in TB susceptibility that contains single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a major factor[21]
Summary
First author [REF] Liu et al.[13]. Wang et al.[14]. Human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene is located on chromosome 22q11.2 and encodes a multifunctional cytokine (MIF) that contributes to innate and adaptive immune responses against the pathogenic infection[8]. Publication bias and random errors (type-I statistical errors) occurred due to sparse data were minimized by performing Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) for quantifying the statistical reliability of the data included in the cumulative meta-analysis with the threshold of statistical significance. This is the primary meta-analysis dealing with the precise appraisal of the association between the MIF -173 G > C gene polymorphism and the risk of TB
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